The Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury

Donders, Jacobus; Stout, J. Benjamin

doi:10.1093/arclin/acy035

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, there is much overlap between the factors that may increase risk for developing sleep disturbances and factors that appear to increase risk for development of post‐concussion symptoms and delayed recovery (ie, age, sex, genetics, history of migraine, and learning disabilities) . In addition, cognitive reserve may have a protective effect on cognition during recovery from a concussion . Higher education and skill level (occupation) have also been observed to be positively associated with recovery following concussion .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long‐Term Recovery: A Systematic Review

Ludwig

D’Silva

Vaduvathiriyan

et al. 2020

PM&R

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Objective: To examine the association between sleep during the acute stage of concussion and long-term outcomes. Literature Survey: Literature searches were performed 1 July 2018 to 1 August 2018 in Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science, along with hand searching for gray literature and cited references. Of the 610 search results, 359 unique references were reviewed after duplicates were removed. Methodology: Two reviewers independently reviewed and came to consensus on which titles/abstracts met inclusion/exclusion criteria (n = 23). The 23 full-text articles were assessed independently by the same two reviewers for eligibility. Consensus was achieved, leaving four articles for quality assessment and data extraction. One person extracted relevant data from each study using a standard data-extraction table. The data extraction table was reviewed by two reviewers and consensus was achieved for completeness and accuracy. Quality appraisal was conducted to assess the risk for potential bias and quality of included articles. Synthesis: Two of the articles included children younger than 16 years old and two included a wide age range. In general, poorer sleep was associated with poorer outcomes following concussion at reassessments across any age population. In addition, poorer sleep in the acute stage of concussion was associated with poorer long-term outcomes and recovery. Conclusions: The variability in sleep assessments used, symptoms assessed, length of time to reassessments, and comparator group included made data synthesis challenging. The use of standard valid and reliable sleep assessments is recommended. Future studies may consider if addressing sleep disturbances early following concussion will improve longer-term outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long‐Term Recovery: A Systematic Review

Ludwig

D’Silva

Vaduvathiriyan

et al. 2020

PM&R

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“…However, few studies considered premorbid or demographic factors within the statistical model, and less than half included a non-sepsis peer group to calculate practice effects. These design limitations challenge the accuracy of study findings, for there are associations between premorbid status and cognitive change [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], and there is a value to considering practice effects in post-trauma cognitive change models [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Our review findings suggest avenues for improvement as the field of sepsis and cognitive research moves forward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sepsis and Cognitive Assessment

Jones

Dion

Efron

et al. 2021

JCM

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Sepsis disproportionally affects people over the age of 65, and with an exponentially increasing older population, sepsis poses additional risks for cognitive decline. This review summarizes published literature for (1) authorship qualification; (2) the type of cognitive domains most often assessed; (3) timelines for cognitive assessment; (4) the control group and analysis approach, and (5) sociodemographic reporting. Using key terms, a PubMed database review from January 2000 to January 2021 identified 3050 articles, and 234 qualified as full text reviews with 18 ultimately retained as summaries. More than half (61%) included an author with an expert in cognitive assessment. Seven (39%) relied on cognitive screening tools for assessment with the remaining using a combination of standard neuropsychological measures. Cognitive domains typically assessed were declarative memory, attention and working memory, processing speed, and executive function. Analytically, 35% reported on education, and 17% included baseline (pre-sepsis) data. Eight (44%) included a non-sepsis peer group. No study considered sex or race/diversity in the statistical model, and only five studies reported on race/ethnicity, with Caucasians making up the majority (74%). Of the articles with neuropsychological measures, researchers report acute with cognitive improvement over time for sepsis survivors. The findings suggest avenues for future study designs.

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“…There could be different brain activation patterns across individuals with different lifestyles. As a matter of fact, there are multiple variables, such as physical activity, education, type of sport practiced, which can affect the behavior results of neurocognitive tests and the cortical activation detected [71][72][73]. Therefore, non-standard brain activation would not necessarily link to impairments due to SRC but could instead be the result of comparisons between different group populations.…”

Section: Multiple Patterns Of Brain Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomographic Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Sport-Related Concussion: An Observational Case Study

Forcione

Chiarelli

Perpetuini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Making decisions regarding return-to-play after sport-related concussion (SRC) based on resolution of symptoms alone can expose contact-sport athletes to further injury before their recovery is complete. Task-related functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) could be used to scan for abnormalities in the brain activation patterns of SRC athletes and help clinicians to manage their return-to-play. This study aims to show a proof of concept of mapping brain activation, using tomographic task-related fNIRS, as part of the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients. A high-density frequency-domain optical device was used to scan 2 SRC patients, within 72 h from injury, during the execution of 3 neurocognitive tests used in clinical practice. The optical data were resolved into a tomographic reconstruction of the brain functional activation pattern, using diffuse optical tomography. Moreover, brain activity was inferred using single-subject statistical analyses. The advantages and limitations of the introduction of this optical technique into the clinical assessment of acute SRC patients are discussed.

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The Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract: cognitive reserve has a protective effect with regard to the impact of TBI on cognitive test performance but this effect is imperfect and does not completely negate the effect of injury severity.

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long‐Term Recovery: A Systematic Review

Sleep Disturbances in the Acute Stage of Concussion are Associated With Poorer Long‐Term Recovery: A Systematic Review

Sepsis and Cognitive Assessment

Tomographic Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Acute Sport-Related Concussion: An Observational Case Study

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