The Influence of some Dietary Fats on Serum Lipids in Man

Iongh, H. de; Beerthuis, R. K.; Hartog, C. Den; Dalderup, L. M.; Spek, P. A. F. van der

doi:10.1159/000385047

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Changes in dietary linoleic acid (18:2) caused the largest changes in cholesteryl esters; an increase of 10 percent of energy from linoleic acid increased the level of cholesteryl linoleate (18:2) by 9.3 g/100 g of fatty acids (table 3). Figure 1 shows that this aligns perfectly with the responses of cholesteryl linoleate to linoleic acid feeding seen by other investigators in well-controlled studies (18,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Similar responses were observed in less controlled studies (36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fatty Acids in Serum Cholesteryl Esters as Quantitative Biomarkers of Dietary Intake in Humans

Zock

Mensink

Harryvan

et al. 1997

American Journal of Epidemiology

164

120

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The fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters is used as a qualitative biomarker of fatty acid intake, but quantitative data are scarce. Between 1987 and 1992, the authors fed various fatty acids in four controlled trials to 232 healthy Dutch volunteers and measured the proportion of fatty acids in participants' cholesteryl esters. Each 10% of energy fed as linoleic acid (18:2) raised the proportion of linoleic acid in cholesteryl esters by 9.3 g per 100 g of fatty acids (standard deviation (SD) 3.1). For oleic acid (cis-18:1), this figure was 6.5 g/100 g (SD 1.7); for trans fatty acids (trans-18:1), it was 1.1 (SD 0.5); for stearic acid (18:0), 1.0 (SD 0.4); for palmitic acid (16:0), 1.7 (SD 0.5); for myristic acid (14:0), 2.1 (SD 0.7); and for a mixture of saturated fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, and 16:0), it was 2.2 g/100 g (SD 1.0). The coefficient of variation of the responses was fairly constant, indicating that changes in intake for each of these fatty acids can be monitored with similar precision. These data can be used to estimate the degree of compliance in experimental studies involving exchanges of single dietary fatty acids. Most fatty acids in cholesteryl esters may also be used in observational studies to estimate differences in intake. However, because of multiple simultaneous differences in fatty acid intake between free-living individuals and between populations, such data cannot provide information on absolute intake of fatty acids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fatty Acids in Serum Cholesteryl Esters as Quantitative Biomarkers of Dietary Intake in Humans

Zock

Mensink

Harryvan

et al. 1997

American Journal of Epidemiology

164

120

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“…In some previous studies the incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids was analyzed in total plasma or serum lipids (9,18,19) or in serum TG (10,11,20), CE (12) or PL (11), in platelet PL (10,20), and erythrocytes (21), and in serum TG, CE, and PL in animal study (14). The trans fatty acid composition data of serum or plasma TG, CE, and PL of mothers, their infants and children, and estimated dietary trans fatty acid intake have been reported (22).…”

Section: Table 5 Fatty Acid Composition Of Serum Phospholipids (Mol% mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the fatty acid composition of serum lipids is one approach to estimate the dietary intake of trans isomers. Trans fatty acid isomers were analyzed from serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE) and phospholipids (PL), total plasma, platelets, erythrocytes, and adipose tissue (6,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The incorporation of trans fatty acids into all lipid fractions during a moderate dietary trans fatty acid intake was determined in animals (14), but not in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Divergent incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids in different serum lipid fractions

Vidgren

Louheranta

Ågren

et al. 1998

Lipids

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Trans fatty acids may be involved in atherosclerotic vascular diseases. We investigated the incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids and oleic acid into the serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE), and phospholipids (PL). Fourteen healthy female volunteers, aged 23.2+/-3.1 yr (mean+/-SD), body mass index 20.8+/-2.1 kg/m2 participated in this study. All subjects consumed both a trans fatty acid-enriched diet (TRANS diet) and an oleic acid-enriched diet (OLEIC diet) for 4 wk according to a randomized crossover design. Both experimental diet periods were preceded by consumption of a baseline diet for 2 wk which supplied 37% of total energy (E%) as fat: 18 E% from saturated fatty acids (SFA), 12 E% from monounsaturated fatty acids, and 6 E% from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Five E% of the SFA in the baseline diet was replaced by trans fatty acids (18:1t and 18:2c,t + 18:2t,t, where c is cis and t is trans) in the TRANS diet and by oleic acid (18:1n-9) in the OLEIC diet. After the TRANS diet, the proportions of 18:1t and 18:2t increased (P<0.001) in all serum lipid fractions analyzed. The increase of 18:1t in TG and PL (1.80+/-0.28 vs. 5.26+/-1.40; 1.07+/-0.34 vs. 3.39+/-0.76 mol% of total fatty acids, respectively) was markedly higher than that in CE (0.44+/-0.07 vs. 0.92+/-0.26), whereas that of 18:2t was nearly the same in all three fractions. The proportions of palmitic, stearic, arachidonic, and eicosapentaenoic acids in TG, CE, and PL and that of oleic acid in TG and CE were decreased when compared with the baseline value. In contrast, the proportion of palmitoleic acid in TG and PL and that of linoleic acid in PL increased on the TRANS diet. After consumption of the OLEIC diet, the proportion of oleic acid increased in all three lipid fractions analyzed, and the percentage increase was nearly the same in all fractions. In contrast, the proportions of 18:1t in TG and PL and 18:2t in TG and CE decreased when compared with the baseline value. In conclusion, a moderate increase in dietary trans fatty acids resulted in a marked incorporation into serum lipids and decreased the conversion of linoleic acid to its more unsaturated long-chain metabolites. Analysis of 18:1t from serum TG and PL seems to reflect reliably the dietary intake of this fatty acid.

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“…In 1965 Keys et al and Hegsted et al established that the saturated fatty acids (SFA) lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), which were equally cholesterolemic, fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of less than 12, had little affect on blood cholesterol, while the SFA stearic acid (18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (18:1) were neutral. 3 Linoleic acid (LA) has been claimed to be the only fatty acid to appreciably lower plasma/serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol when substituted for carbohydrate in the diet in early studies. 3 Linoleic acid (LA) has been claimed to be the only fatty acid to appreciably lower plasma/serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol when substituted for carbohydrate in the diet in early studies.…”

Section: Plasma/serum and Lipoprotein Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Trans fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils raise serum cholesterol levels. 3 Linoleic acid (LA) has been claimed to be the only fatty acid to appreciably lower plasma/serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol when substituted for carbohydrate in the diet in early studies. 2,4 Results from recent studies suggest that saturates were not equally cholesterolemic, as reviewed by Kris-Etherton and Yu.…”

Section: Plasma/serum and Lipoprotein Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient innovations: The role of fats and sterols in human health

Sinclair

2002

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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Dietary intake of fats and sterols has long been known to play a critical role in human health. High proportions of saturated fat, which increase blood cholesterol levels, are mainly found in animal fat and some plant oil (e.g. cocoa butter, palm oil etc.). The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Western diet is linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n‐6), an essential fatty acid, which is commonly found in vegetable seed oils. This is the parent fatty acid of n‐6 series PUFA, which can be converted in vivo to C20 and C22 n‐6 long chain (LC) PUFA. α‐linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n‐3) is less abundant than LA and is another essential fatty acid; ALA is also present in some vegetable oils such as perilla, flaxseed, canola, soybean and walnut oils, and is the precursor of C20 and C22 n‐3 LC PUFA. Sterols are widely distributed in animal tissue and plants, with cholesterol being the major sterol in animal tissue and β‐sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol being the main sterols in plants. It has long been recognized that an increased dietary intake of saturated fat and (to a lesser extent) cholesterol, raises plasma/serum total and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, and PUFA decreases these levels. Results from recent studies have shown that plasma/serum levels of lipids and lipoprotein lipids can also be decreased by plant sterols (phytosterols) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, cis‐9,trans‐11−18:2) has been reported to have anticancer and antidiabetic activities. Fat as the DAG form has also been reported to have anti‐obesity effects. Omega‐3 PUFA have a beneficial effect on increased heart rate variability, decreased risk of stroke, reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and may be effective in managing depression in adults. Gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) and phytosterols have an anti‐inflammatory activity. The GLA, when combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been reported to have a beneficial effect in hyperactive children. These data show that various lipids are powerful bioactive compounds.

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The Influence of some Dietary Fats on Serum Lipids in Man

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Fatty Acids in Serum Cholesteryl Esters as Quantitative Biomarkers of Dietary Intake in Humans

Fatty Acids in Serum Cholesteryl Esters as Quantitative Biomarkers of Dietary Intake in Humans

Divergent incorporation of dietary trans fatty acids in different serum lipid fractions

Macronutrient innovations: The role of fats and sterols in human health

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