The MCNPX Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Code

Waters, L.; McKinney, G.W.; Durkee, Joe W.; Fensin, Michael L; Hendricks, John S.; James, Michael R.; Johns, Russell C.; Pelowitz, Denise B.

doi:10.1063/1.2720459

Cited by 144 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The conversion coefficients C j (T*) (see Pelliccioni 2000;Petoussi-Henss et al 2010, and references therein) for a secondary particle of type j are obtained on the basis of extensive Monte Carlo simulations with various codes including a precise cross-check, namely: FLUKA (Fasso et al 2005;Battistoni et al 2007), MCNPx (Briesmeister 1997;Waters et al 2007), PHITS (Iwase et al 2002), GEANT4 (Agostinelli et al 2003) and EGSnrc (Kawrakow 2001) performed by the DOCAL task Group assuming a reference computational phantom (ICRP 2009). The secondary particle fluence at a given altitude above the sea level (a.s.l.)…”

Section: Formalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

Mishev

Usoskin

2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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A numerical model for assessment of the effective dose and ambient dose equivalent produced by secondary cosmic ray particles of galactic and solar origin at commercial aircraft altitudes is presented. The model represents a full chain analysis based on ground-based measurements of cosmic rays, from particle spectral and angular characteristics to dose estimation. The model is based on newly numerically computed yield functions and realistic propagation of cosmic ray in the Earth magnetosphere. The yield functions are computed using a straightforward full Monte Carlo simulation of the atmospheric cascade induced by primary protons and a-particles and subsequent conversion of secondary particle fluence (neutrons, protons, gammas, electrons, positrons, muons and charged pions) to effective dose or the ambient dose equivalent. The ambient dose equivalent is compared with reference data at various conditions such as rigidity cut-off and level of solar activity. The method is applied for computation of the effective dose rate at flight altitude during the ground level enhancement of 13 December 2006. The solar proton spectra are derived using neutron monitor data. The computation of the effective dose rate during the event explicitly considers the derived anisotropy i.e. the pitch angle distribution as well as the propagation of the solar protons in the magnetosphere of the Earth.

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Section: Formalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

Mishev

Usoskin

2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…4 is important, since the surrounding structures are only important for estimating the activation of materials, residual dose, etc. The changes made during the upgrade period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008), particularly the new spallation target assembly, are included in the simulated geometry, which was also exported to MCNP [35] using the builtin feature in FLAIR [36], the FLUKA Graphical User Interface.…”

Section: Fluka and Mcnp Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

Guerrero¹,

Tsinganis²,

Berthoumieux³

et al. 2013

Eur. Phys. J. A

232

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Abstract. The neutron time-of-flight facility n TOF features a white neutron source produced by spallation through 20 GeV/c protons impinging on a lead target. The facility, aiming primarily at the measurement of neutron-induced reaction cross sections, was operating at CERN between 2001 and 2004, and then underwent a major upgrade in 2008. This paper presents in detail all the characteristics of the new neutron beam in the currently available configurations, which correspond to two different collimation systems and two choices of neutron moderator. The characteristics discussed include the intensity and energy dependence of the neutron flux, the spatial profile of the beam, the in-beam background components and the energy resolution/broadening. The discussion of these features is based on dedicated measurements and Monte Carlo simulations, and includes estimations of the systematic uncertainties of the mentioned quantities.

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“…Scatter is to be considered 2006), GEANT4 (Agostinelli et al 2003), PENELOPE (Salvat et al 2003), MCNPX (Waters et al 2007). The precise way in which each interaction is modelled, and the cross-sections for interactions, vary from code to code.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rayleigh scatter in kilovoltage x-ray imaging: is the independent atom approximation good enough?

Poludniowski¹,

Evans²,

Webb³

2009

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Abstract. Monte Carlo simulation is the Gold Standard method for modelling scattering processes in medical x-ray imaging. General-purpose Monte Carlo codes, however, typically use the Independent Atom Approximation (IAA). This is known to 10 be inaccurate for Rayleigh scattering, for many materials, in the forward direction. This work addresses whether the IAA is sufficient for the typical modelling tasks in medical kilovoltage x-ray imaging. As a means of comparison we incorporate a more realistic 'interference function' model into a custom-written Monte Carlo code. First, we conduct simulations of scatter from isolated voxels of soft-tissue, adipose, 15 cortical bone and spongiosa. Then, we simulate scatter profiles from a cylinder of water and from phantoms of a patient's head, thorax and pelvis, constructed from diagnostic-quality CT data sets. Lastly, we reconstruct CT-numbers from simulated sets of projection images and investigate the quantitative effects of the approximation. We show that the IAA can produce errors of several percent of the total scatter, across 20 a projection image, for typical x-ray beams and patients. The errors in reconstructed CT-number, however, for the phantoms simulated, were small (typically < 10 HU). The IAA can therefore be considered sufficient for the modelling of scatter-correction in CT imaging. Where accurate quantitative estimates of scatter in individual projection images are required, however, the appropriate interference functions should 25 be included.

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The MCNPX Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Code

Cited by 144 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

Performance of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

Rayleigh scatter in kilovoltage x-ray imaging: is the independent atom approximation good enough?

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