The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B₁

Abstract

Most metabolites of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), especially exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB1, and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the AFB1 metabolic activation, like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and AFB1 metabolic detoxification, like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in poultry. In addition, AFB1 may have other metabolic pathways in poultry, such as the mutual conversion of AFB1 and aflatoxicol (AFL) and the process of AFBO to produce AFB1-8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB1-dhd) and further metabolize it into detoxification substances. This review also summarized some exogenous regulatory substances that can alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative stress.

Transcriptomics Reveals the Effect of Thymol on the Growth and Toxin Production of Fusarium graminearum

“…Finished feeds have high contamination rates and are often co-contaminated with multiple mycotoxins [5]. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [6,7] and zearalenone (ZEN) [8], but deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetyl-derivatives (3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON) produced by F. graminearum are particularly concerning [9]. DON often contaminates wheat, barley, and oats.…”

Insoluble chitosan complex as a potential adsorbent for aflatoxin B1 in poultry feed

“…Similarly, resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in grapes, berries, peanut skins, and other plant parts, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented the AFB 1induced testicular damage in in vivo studies (Omur et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2020); in in vitro study, it reduced AFB 1 induced cytotoxicity and reverted transcriptional modification induced by AFB 1 (Pauletto et al, 2021). Other molecules such as vitamin E and selenium have been demonstrated to reduce the negative effects of mycotoxins in swine, poultry, and ducks (Neeff et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2021).…”