The molecular biology of arteriviruses.

Snijder, Eric J.; Meulenberg, J.J.M.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-5-961

Cited by 746 publications

(694 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…All sequences were 387 base pairs long, encoding the complete 128 amino acid long nucleocapsid protein. The nucleocapsid is the most abundant viral protein, is immunogenic, and is thought to be multifunctional, locating to the nucleus of infected cells as well as the cytoplasm (Snijder and Meulenberg, 1998). The degree of nucleotide identity ranged from 100% to 86.9% (n = 65, mean 94.1%).…”

Section: Orf7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All sequences were 606 base pairs long, encoding the complete 201 amino acid long major envelope glycoprotein (GP5), which is essential for virion assembly (Snijder and Meulenberg, 1998). The degree of similarity ranged from 100% to 82.0% (n = 83, mean 91.7%).…”

Section: Orf5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 40 recent isolates, 14 isolates from the 1990s, and the Lelystad virus were included in the analysis of the ORF3, coding for GP3, a minor envelope glycoprotein, whose function is not resolved (Snijder and Meulenberg, 1998). Interestingly, the sequences varied in length from 723 to 798 base pairs long, making the resulting envelope glycoprotein between 240 and 265 amino acids long.…”

Section: Orf3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Genetic diversity of recent British isolates

Frossard

Hughes

Westcott

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

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Section: Orf7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orf5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orf3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Genetic diversity of recent British isolates

Frossard

Hughes

Westcott

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…PRRSV is divided into two genotypes: European (type 1 virus) and American (type 2 virus) (Meng et al, 1995). The N protein in type 2 PRRSV is a small basic protein composed of 123 aa (Snijder & Meulenberg, 1998;Wootton et al, 2002), which is highly immunogenic in pigs and believed to be multifunctional. The N protein has five important antigenic regions at residues 30-52, 37-52, 52-69, 69-112 and 112-123 (Rodriguez et al, 1997;Wootton et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The N-N non-covalent domain of the nucleocapsid protein of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhances induction of IL-10 expression

Liu

Fan

Bai

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) usually establishes a prolonged infection and causes an immunosuppressive state. It has been proposed that IL-10 plays an important role in PRRSV-induced immunosuppression. However, this mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we found that transfection of 3D4/2 macrophages with the N protein gene of type 2 PRRSV significantly upregulated IL-10 expression at the transcriptional level. Moreover, alanine substitution mutation analysis revealed that the N protein residues 33-37, 65-68 and 112-123 were related to the upregulation of IL-10 promoter activity. Recombinant PRRSV with mutations at residues 33-37 in the N protein (rQ33-5A and rS36A) recovered from corresponding infectious cDNA clones and induced significantly lower levels of IL-10 production in infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells, as compared with their revertants rQ33-5A(R) and rS36A(R), and the wild-type recombinant PRRSV strain rNT/wt. These data indicate that the type 2 PRRSV N protein plays an important role in IL-10 induction and the N-N non-covalent domain is associated with this activity.

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“…32 ORF7 encodes the nucleocapsid protein N which is the most abundant viral protein in virus-infected cells and essential during the assembly and disassembly of virions. [33][34][35] The down regulation of NSP9 and ORF7 mRNA expression implied that the replication of PRRSV RNA and the assembly of the virons might be inhibited by the compounds. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical constituents from Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao with inhibitory activity against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

Shen

Bi²,

Wang

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Dois novos quinenóides chiritalona A and B, e uma nova neolignina 7'E-4,9-dihidroxi-3,3',5'-trimethoxi-8,4'-oxineolign-7'-en-9'-al, além dos conhecidos (-)-8-hidroxi-α-dunniona, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimetoxi-1,4-benzoquinona e hederagenina, foram isolados do caule de Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. As estruturas dos novos compostos foram elucidadas por análise detalhada de dados obtidos pela técnicas de NMR (ressonância magnética nuclear) e MS (espectrometria de massas), e a configuração absoluta de chiritalona A foi determinada por análise de difração de raios X de monocristal utilizando o parâmetro Flack. A atividade inibitória dos compostos com relação ao vírus da síndrome respiratória e reprodutiva suína (PRRSV) foi medida pelo método do efeito citopático (CPE). Digiferruginol e hederagenina apresentaram efeito fraco com relação ao PRRSV com valor IC 50 de 80,5 ± 16,9 μmol L -1 (SI = 19,9) e 43,2 ± 7,4 μmol L -1 (SI = 13,1), respectivamente.Two new quinonoids chiritalone A and B, and a new neolignan 7'E-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3',5'-trimethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-en-9'-al, along with known (-)-8-hydroxy-α-dunnione, digiferruginol, 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and hederagenin, were isolated from the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis from NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and MS (mass spectrometry) data, and the absolute configuration of chiritalone A was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using the Flack parameter. The inhibitory activity of compounds against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) was measured by the cytopathic effect (CPE) method. Digiferruginol and hederagenin showed weak effect on PRRSV with an IC 50 value of 80.5 ± 16.9 μmol L -1 (SI = 19.9) and 43.2 ± 7.4 μmol L -1 (SI = 13.1), respectively. Keywords: Gesneriaceae; Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao, quinines, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus IntroductionPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is characterized by respiratory disorders in young pigs and reproductive failure in sows. It is widespread in most major pig-producing areas throughout the world and is one of the most important causes of economic loss to the swine industry. In China, in 2006 only, PRRS spread to more than 10 provinces (or autonomous regions) and affected over 2,000,000 pigs with about 400,000 fatal cases. 1 Although previous studies provided a basis for development of pharmacological agents to inhibit PRRSV replication, so far there are no effective drugs to overcome this problem, 2 and many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. 3,4 Quinones are a widespread group of oxygen-substituted aromatic compounds, and some of them are considered Chemical Constituents from Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao with Inhibitory Activity against PRRSV J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1926 as inhibitory agents against bo...

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The molecular biology of arteriviruses.

Cited by 746 publications

References 192 publications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Genetic diversity of recent British isolates

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Genetic diversity of recent British isolates

The N-N non-covalent domain of the nucleocapsid protein of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhances induction of IL-10 expression

Chemical constituents from Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao with inhibitory activity against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus

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