The Mosquitoes of the Red Sea Area, Egypt

Gad, Amin M.; Salit, A. M.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/9.6.581

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…pipiens were encountered. The alkaline tendency (pH 7.8-9.5) of mosquito larvae in Qalyubiya Governorate have been also reported by many Egyptian investigators as Hilmy et al, 1987 in Qalyubiya;Gad and Salit (1972) in Red Sea area, and Hamdy (1987) in Ismailia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Mosquito breeding sources in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt

Ibrahim

El-Monairy

El-Sayed

et al. 2011

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical En

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Water collections which may provide breeding habitats for mosquitoes in Qalyubiya Governorate were surveyed throughout the period from April 2009 to March 2011. Mosquito larvae were collected on monthly basis from 14 different breeding places in eight villages. A total of 1800 from 2821 sites (63.8%) were found positive for mosquitoes, including 312 canals, 271 pools, 191 unused wells, 166 rice fields, 142 irrigation channels, 130 ponds, 128 drainages, 115 catch basins, 85 irrigation basins, 82 ditches, 70 swamps, 66 temporary pools, 22 unused tires and 20 irrigation drainage tubes. Mosquito larvae were found in a variety of water collections including temporary, permanent, natural or man-made habitats. Permanent and semipermanent water collections were the main sites for mosquito breeding. Nine mosquito species were identified in the study area namely, Culex pipiens 64.7%, Culiseta longiareolata 13.5%, Cx. antennatus 8.8%, Aedes caspius 6.3%, Cx. vagans 2.5%, Cx. decens 1.9%, Cx. perexiguus 0.9%, Cx. univittatus 0.8% and Anopheles multicolor 0.6%. Simple and Multiple regression models showed that temperature, Ammonia and Nitrate were the best predictors for mosquito larval density (P = 0.0397), (P = 0.0241) and (P = 0.0040), respectively. The year-round presence of immature mosquitoes indicates that climatic conditions of the area are not limiting to the development of most prevailing mosquito species. Catch basins, unused wells and drainages are playing the major role in mosquito problem in Qalyubiya Governorate.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Mosquito breeding sources in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt

Ibrahim

El-Monairy

El-Sayed

et al. 2011

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical En

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“…longiareolata (5.0 to 8.8) breed in either acidic or alkaline water (overall range: 4.2 to 9.5 ). The observed acidic to alkaline range is similar to 6.4-9.0 observed by Gad and Salit (1972) in the Red Sea, Egypt and 5.0-8.7 for Cx. pipiens, Cx.…”

Section: Ranges Of the Breeding Water Temperature Ph And Salinitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Field Studies on Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Western Coast of Saudi Arabia: Influence of Temperature, pH and Salinity of the Breeding Water on Larval Abundance

Mostafa¹,

Hamdy²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2016

GJBS

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The knowledge of the characteristics of the breeding habitats and the environmental factors affecting mosquito abundance can help in designing optimal vector control strategies, for this, mosquito larvae were biweekly surveyed for two years in six localities representing the western coast of Saudi Arabia. Temperature, pH and salinity of the breeding water were measured to examine the effect of such factors on larval density. Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. theileri, Cx. pipiens and Cs. longiareolata had wider temperature ranges ( 15to 33 o C) than Cx. tritaeniorynchus, St. aegypti, An. multicolor, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. sitiens and An. d'thali (17 to 33) and Cx. torrentium (26 o C). St. aegypti, Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cs. longiareolata breed in either acidic or alkaline water (pH: 4.2 to 9.5) while the rest of species breed entirely in alkaline water (pH: 7.0 to 9.6). St. aegypti, Cx. tritaeniorynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. theileri and Cs. longiareolata had wider salinity ranges (154 to 1990 ppm) than the other species (611 to 1972 ppm), i.e., all species breed in fresh / brackish water. Multiple Regression analysis indicated that densities (No larvae / 10 dips): (1) of the tested species: Cx. pipiens, Cx. quinquefasciatus (P˂0.05), Cx. tritaeniorynchus (P˂0.01), Cx. theileri, Cx. sitiens, An. multicolor, St. aegypti and Cs. longiareolata were directly related to temperature (b = 0.32 to 6.15), (2) of Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. sitiens, An. multicolor and St. aegypti were indirectly related to pH (b = -0.13 to -74.57), while those of the other species were directly related to pH (b = 2.44 to 23.60) and (3) of Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. theileri and St. aegypti were indirectly related to salinity (b = -0.002 to -0.017), while those of the other species were directly related to salinity (b = 0.002 to 0.074).

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“…The present situation of Anopheles mosquitoes and malaria in modern Egypt (based on Ministry of Health, MOH reports and other sources) was added and discussed. (Gad and Salit, 1972;Gad et al, 1984) and Nile Valley (Cope et al, 1995). It is not present in the Nile Delta and Suez Canal Zone, although its past occurrence in the Canal Zone (Barber and Rice, 1937)) and in the Nile Delta on the border of the desert at Inshas, Sharqiya Governorate in east of Delta (Farid, 1940) (Gad et al, 2006): in inland salt swamps at Shukeir on the Suez Gulf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stephensi Liston (Gad, 1967;Gad and Salit, 1972;El Said and Kenawy 1983a (Kenawy, 1988). In addition, An.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of <i>Anopheles</i> Mosquitoes and Malaria in Ancient and Modern Egypt

Kenawy¹

2015

jmr

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This article reviews and discusses the status of Anopheles mosquitoes and malaria in ancient and modern Egypt based on the available and scattered reports. Eleven Anopheles species are present in Egypt of which An. pharoensis and An. sergentii are the proven vectors. The two vectors with their characteristics of zoophilic tendency, low infectivity rates and relatively short longevity convey the unstable type of malaria prevailed in Egypt. The immunologic tests on the Egyptian mummies confirmed the high prevalence of P. falciparum malaria in ancient Egypt. Malaria was endemic in almost all parts of the country but prevalence has shown a steady decrease by 1990, and regressed in most of the Governorates. Then by the end of 1998 till now all reported cases are imported mainly from Sudan. However, some locally acquired cases were reported in El Faiyoum and Cairo. Moreover, the recent outbreak of falciparum (1 case) and vivax (23 cases) that occurred (May 2014) in Aswan Governorate strongly indicates that malaria is reemerging in the country.

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The Mosquitoes of the Red Sea Area, Egypt

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Mosquito breeding sources in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt

Mosquito breeding sources in Qalyubiya Governorate, Egypt

Field Studies on Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Western Coast of Saudi Arabia: Influence of Temperature, pH and Salinity of the Breeding Water on Larval Abundance

Review of <i>Anopheles</i> Mosquitoes and Malaria in Ancient and Modern Egypt

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