The occurrence of organic chemicals in the atmosphere of The Netherlands

Guicherit, R.; Schulting, Frans

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(85)90129-9

Cited by 65 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…once a week or once every two weeks. In addition, two sets of samples were collected on 3 consecutive days, April 8-10 and April [14][15][16]1997. All urban samples were collected during the morning period of high vehicle traffic as indicated by continuous measurements of CO.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Grosjean

Rasmussen

Grosjean

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Information on ambient levels of toxic air contaminants is a critical component of programs aimed at regulating air emissions to protect public health. Yet, this information is not available in many countries. Toxic air contaminants have been measured near a busy highway in downtown Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 3/20/96 to 4/16/97. Of the 42 compounds listed in U.S. EPA Method TO-14, 21 were not detected (concentrations < 0.1 ppb), 3 were detected in only a few samples (CHCl 3 , HClCdCCl 2 , and p-dichlorobenzene), and 3 were present at concentrations typical of background locations (CH 3 Cl, CH 3 CCl 3 , and CFC-113). Comparisons of urban/background location concentration ratios and of urban concentrations vs those of CO indicate no local emissions for CCl 4 , small and variable sources for CFC-11 and CFC-12, local sources other than vehicles for CH 2 Cl 2 and Cl 2 CdCCl 2 , and vehicles as the major source of 1,3-butadiene, styrene, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Ambient concentrations of 1,3-butadiene and aromatic hydrocarbons were well correlated to those of benzene (R ) 0.92-0.98) and those of CO (R ) 0.88-0.97). These correlations are used to estimate mid-1996 vehicle emission rates, e.g., (197 ( 50) × 10 3 kg/year for 1,3-butadiene. A comprehensive comparison is made of our results (halogenated compounds measured in Porto Alegre, halogenated compounds not detected in Porto Alegre, and aromatic hydrocarbons with focus on the toluene/ benzene, (m + p)-xylene/benzene, and (m + p)-xylene/ toluene ratios) with literature data for background and urban locations.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Grosjean

Rasmussen

Grosjean

1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Guicherit and Schulting reported annual mean values of 2 ppb from measurements taken in Delft and Rotterdam over the one-year period, Jan.-Dec. 1980. 4 Another one-year study, carried out at six Southern California locations from Sept. 1988to Sept. 1989, yielded mean values of 2.9 to 4.8 ppb.…”

Section: Ambient Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 2. Saturated Aliphatics: Acetaldehyde, Dioxane, Ethylene Glycol Ethers, Propylene Oxide

Grosjean¹

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…(12,14) Results on the contribution of airborne PAHs are more disparate. (13,38) Published data do not allow us to draw comparisons for skin cancer after exposure to PAHs, even in a work environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Health Risk Assessment After Decontamination of the Beaches Polluted by the Wrecked ERIKA Tanker

Dor

Bonnard²,

Gourier‐Fréry³

et al. 2003

Risk Analysis

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Following the wreck of the oil tanker ERIKA off the north-west coast of France in December 1999, cleaning up of the beaches involved considerable work, which in any case could not be perfect. This raised the question of the short- and long-term health risks for the future bathers related to the toxicity of the remaining oil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This risk assessment study was conducted to help health authorities plan risk management policies and inform the public. Thirty-six beaches were selected, representing a sample of the most frequently encountered topographic and beach usage situations; seven "control" beaches, unspoiled by ERIKA, were also investigated. Samples of water and sand were taken from each site, as well as from the surface of rocks. The 16 PAHs selected by the U.S. EPA were quantified in each environment. Several scenarios of exposure were contemplated: (1) a child between 2 and 4 years accidentally ingesting a small ball of fuel, (2) a child daily exposed throughout his holiday-time stay, (3) an adult (including a pregnant woman) spending his/her holidays on the coast, (4) an adult working on the beach, (5) and an adult practicing water sports. Among the available and significant toxicological values, the most conservative ones were selected for computing risks. The sand and water, after decontamination, were slightly polluted (respectively, 7.8 microg/kg and 23.3 ng/l of total 16 PAHs), with values similar to those found in the control beaches. By contrast, the rocky areas in some places were still highly polluted (up to 23 mg/kg on the surface layer). No lethal risk was found for a young child who had accidentally ingested a small ball of fuel. The life-long excess risks for skin cancer and for all other cancers were about 10-5 in scenarios including contact with the polluted rocks. In all other cases, excess risks were considerably lower. The hazard quotient for teratogenic effects was very small, except in scenarios where pregnant women would walk among rocks containing high pollution levels. In conclusion, exposure was mainly associated with polluted water among children, and with spoiled rocks for adults. Despite uncertainties, mainly dealing with the prediction of long-term risks following a short-term exposure, this study showed that beaches where pollution was no longer visible after decontamination did not entail any significant health risks and could be opened to the public.

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The occurrence of organic chemicals in the atmosphere of The Netherlands

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Toxic Air Contaminants in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Atmospheric Chemistry of Toxic Contaminants. 2. Saturated Aliphatics: Acetaldehyde, Dioxane, Ethylene Glycol Ethers, Propylene Oxide

Health Risk Assessment After Decontamination of the Beaches Polluted by the Wrecked ERIKA Tanker

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