The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway and autoimmune diseases

Dai, Suya; Jia, Ru; Zhang, Xiao; Fang, Qiwen; Huang, Lijuan

doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.006

Cited by 308 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…PD‐L2, is a member B7 family members and is ligand for PD‐1. By ligation with PD‐1 on immune cells, in particular T cells, PD‐L2 initiate inhibitory signals to regulate T cell differentiation or T cell mediated immune response 18. As shown in Figure 2B, PD‐L2 was uniformly secreted from BM‐MSCs, AT‐MSCs, and T‐MSCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Conditioned media from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between myotubes and fibroblasts by IL‐1Ra activity

Cho

Park

Kim

et al. 2016

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) act as lipid mediators and induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Specifically, in obesity‐related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, FFAs directly reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the knowledge of how FFAs mediate inflammation and subsequent tissue disorders, including fibrosis in skeletal muscle, is limited. FFAs are a natural ligand for toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and induce chronic low‐grade inflammation that directly stimulates skeletal muscle tissue. However, persistent inflammatory stimulation in tissues could induce pro‐fibrogenic processes that ultimately lead to perturbation of the tissue architecture and dysfunction. Therefore, blocking the link between inflammatory primed skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue might be an efficient therapeutic option for treating obesity‐induced muscle inactivity. In this study, we investigated the impact of conditioned medium obtained from human palatine tonsil‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (T‐MSCs) on the interaction between skeletal muscle cells stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) and fibroblasts. We found that PA‐treated skeletal muscle cells actively secreted interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and augmented the migration, proliferation and expression of fibronectin in L929 fibroblasts. Furthermore, T‐CM inhibited the skeletal muscle cell‐derived pro‐fibrogenic effect via the production of the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra), which is an inhibitor of IL‐1 signalling. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the therapeutic potential of T‐MSC‐mediated therapy for the treatment of pathophysiological processes that occur in skeletal muscle tissues under chronic inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Conditioned media from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between myotubes and fibroblasts by IL‐1Ra activity

Cho

Park

Kim

et al. 2016

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Similarly, viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can induce PD-L1 in immune cells to avoid immune clearance (12). In contrast, several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), frequently lead to downregulation of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression, producing persistent inflammation (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella-Zoster Virus Downregulates Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I in Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts, Perineurial Cells, and Lung Fibroblasts

Jones

Blackmon

Neff

et al. 2016

J Virol

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V aricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common, neurotropic DNA alphaherpesvirus that causes varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection, after which virus becomes latent in ganglionic neurons along the entire neuraxis (1-6). With a decline in VZVspecific cell-mediated immunity, VZV reactivates in elderly or immunocompromised individuals, most commonly causing zoster (shingles). VZV can also reactivate and spread transaxonally to cerebral arteries to produce stroke with or without rash (VZV vasculopathy). Recent studies show that aside from stroke, VZV vasculopathy presents as giant cell arteritis, which is the most common cause of systemic vasculitis in the elderly (7), as well as granulomatous aortitis (8).Studies of VZV-infected cerebral and temporal arteries from patients with VZV vasculopathy show viral antigen predominantly in the outermost adventitia in early infection, supporting deposition of virus from nerve fibers that terminate within this layer followed by transmural spread (7, 9). Persistent inflammation with a predominance of T cells and macrophages can be seen even up to 10 months after disease onset and is associated with pathological vascular remodeling (10). The mechanism(s) by which inflammatory cells persist to cause vascular damage in VZV-infected arteries is unknown.Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a 40-kDa type 1 transmembrane protein in the B7 immunoglobulin family that can be expressed on virtually all nucleated cells (11), suppresses the immune system through interaction with its receptor, pro-

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“…ENST00000528366 is shown to be related with CD274 and CCRL2. CD274, also known as ligand for programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1), is expressed on the surface of lymphocytes, macrophages or the dendritic cells [48]. After interacting with PD-1, it can regulate the proliferation or the immune-tolerance of T cells, it is emphasized in the T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as SLE, MS, et al [90,91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Microarray Related Study

Liu

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of biological processes and they contribute to the pathological developments of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. To gain the further understanding, we estimate the expression of lncRNAs in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: In this study, microarray studies were performed to characterize expression profiles of various lncRNAs and mRNAs in blood samples collected from ITP patients. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the results, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis and gene ontology analysis were used to provide functional annotations, co-expression network construction (CNC) analysis was made to reveal the relations between lncRNAs and their targeted genes. Results: A total of 1177 and 632 lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated, respectively, in “newly diagnosed ITP” patients versus healthy individuals. In addition, 1182 genes and 737 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated, respectively, in “chronic recurrent ITP” patients versus healthy individuals. In a KEGG analysis, “TNF signaling pathway-Homo sapiens (human)” was a key result. In a gene ontology analysis, “Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production (GO: 0032604, ontology: Biological process, P = 1.69577E-05)” and “coreceptor activity (GO: 0015026, ontology: molecular function, P = 4.67594E-06)” were the two most critical results. Data from qRT-PCR and receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated that ENST00000440492, ENST00000528366, NR_038920, and ENST00000552576 can efficiently distinguish different stages of ITP, especially NR_038920 and ENST00000528366. In a CNC analysis, four lncRNAs were emphasized, and NR_038920 and ENST00000528366 were both associated with proteins with important roles in autoimmune diseases. Conclusions: These results suggest that lncRNAs act through targeted genes to mediate their functions and to mediate their functions and affect the pathogenesis of ITP.

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The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway and autoimmune diseases

Cited by 308 publications

References 73 publications

Conditioned media from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between myotubes and fibroblasts by IL‐1Ra activity

Conditioned media from human palatine tonsil mesenchymal stem cells regulates the interaction between myotubes and fibroblasts by IL‐1Ra activity

Varicella-Zoster Virus Downregulates Programmed Death Ligand 1 and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I in Human Brain Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts, Perineurial Cells, and Lung Fibroblasts

Abnormal Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Microarray Related Study

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