The presence and predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers from a bereavement support organization

McSpedden, Margaret; Mullan, Barbara; Sharpe, Louise; Breen, Lauren J.; Lobb, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/07481187.2016.1210696

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On one hand, in the present study, all the subjects lost their only-child and unable to conceive another child. As prior studies reported, not having remaining children is one of the most significant predictors of psychosocial distress, grief and impaired health for bereaved parents (Dyregrov, Nordanger, & Dyregrov, 2003, Wijngaards-de Meij et al, 2005, parents who lost an only child seem to have higher risk for more severe grief compared to the parents who lost one child among others (Buchi et al, 2007;McSpedden, Mullan, Sharpe, Breen, & Lobb, 2017;Meert et al, 2011;Tseng, Cheng, Chen, Yang, & Cheng, 2017;Wijngaards-de Meij et al, 2005;Xu, Herrman, Bentley, Tsutsumi, & Fisher, 2014); one would predict that the death of the onlychild is one of the most traumatic events for Chinese parents. On the other hand, the difference could be attributed to the relatively older age of our participants (50 years at the time of Shidu and 60 years at the time of the present investigation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Zhang

Shang²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: China has the largest population of '"loss-of-only-child' parents, that are also known as Shidu parents in Chinese society; however, little is known about their unresolved grief. Objective: This is the first study to examine the grief symptoms, prevalence, comorbidity and potential predictors of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in such parents, taking into consideration that the new PGD diagnostic criteria ICD-11 will soon be implemented in China. Methods: 149 Shidu parents completed assessments of PGD (PG-13), PTSD (PCL-C), depression (CES-D) and general psychiatric morbidity (GHQ-12) via in-person interviews. Results: Of the 149 Shidu parents, 22.2% met the PGD criteria, with a mean of 7.59 years post-loss, and 62.4% experienced daily longing or yearning. Regression analysis indicated that fewer years since loss, subjective perception of poor economic situation, female gender and more hospital visits were prominent risk factors for the development of PGD. Older age of the parents at the time of child loss was also associated with PGD. Parents with PGD had higher comorbidity of PTSD or depression compared with those without PGD. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of PGD and a high rate of comorbidity between PGD and PTSD or depression in Shidu parents in China, which highlights the need of timely developing effective assessments and interventions to prevent PGD in this population, particularly in female, recently bereaved, low-income and aged parents who lost their only child.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Zhang

Shang²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…In addition to the research on male-speci c predictors of grief, several studies have explored the various predictors of grief intensity in women following pregnancy loss and neonatal death [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] and couples [23,38,[51][52][53]. Most of these studies have examined individual, interpersonal, community or systemrelated predictors separately, rather than together in a single model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Contributing to Men’s Grief Following Pregnancy Loss and Neonatal Death: Further Development of an Emerging Model in an Australian Sample

Obst

Oxlad

Due

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Historically, men’s experiences of grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been under-explored in comparison to women. However, investigating men’s perspectives is important, given potential gendered differences concerning grief styles, help-seeking and service access. Few studies have comprehensively examined the various individual, interpersonal, community and system/policy-level factors which may contribute to the intensity of grief in bereaved parents, particularly for men. Methods: Men (N = 228) who had experienced an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly, or neonatal death within the last 20 years responded to an online survey exploring their experiences of grief. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the factors associated with men’s grief intensity and style. Results: Men experienced significant grief across all loss types, with the average score sitting above the minimum cut-off considered to be a high degree of grief. Eight factors significantly contributed to men’s grief: type of loss experienced, their age at the time of loss, loss history, marital satisfaction, availability of social support, acknowledgement of their grief from family/friends, time spent bonding with the baby during pregnancy, and feeling as though their role of ‘supporter’ conflicted with their grief process. Factors contributing to grief also differed depending on grief style. Intuitive (emotion-focused) grief was associated with viewing an ultrasound during pregnancy, ethnicity, and support received from healthcare professionals. Instrumental (activity-focused) grief was associated with time and quality of attachment to the baby during pregnancy, availability of social support, acknowledgement of men’s grief from their female partner, supporter role interfering with their grief, and tendencies toward self-reliance.Conclusions: Following pregnancy loss and neonatal death, men can experience high levels of grief, requiring acknowledgement and validation from all healthcare professionals, family/friends, community networks and workplaces. Addressing male-specific needs, such as balancing a desire to both support and be supported, requires tailored information and support. Strategies to support men should consider grief styles and draw upon father-inclusive practice recommendations. Further research is required to explore the underlying causal mechanisms of associations found.Trial registration: N/A

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“…In our culture, perinatal loss and grief are not of great social importance and are scarcely faced by healthcare professionals . However, perinatal grief, if not worked out, can turn into complicated forms of grief, influencing the relationship with living and possible future children . In this context, few studies have been published on the impact of healthcare professionals’ and social support on psychological outcomes after pregnancy loss .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian translation and validation of the Perinatal Grief Scale

Ravaldi

Bettiol

Crescioli

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Caring Sciences

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Aims The short version of the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) has 33 items of Likert type whose answers vary from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree), and is used to assess the grief after perinatal loss and to identify women at major need of specific support. This is the first attempt to validate an Italian version of PGS. Materials and methods The English version of PGS by Potvin et al. was translated into Italian by a professional mother tongue English translator. The survey was administered at 3 different times (translated Italian version; original English version after 10 days; and same Italian version after other 10 days) to 16 Italian/English bilingual women who had experienced a perinatal loss. The reproducibility among the three administrations and concordance were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa, respectively. Results Considering the PGS, median score ranged from 74.5 (58.5–94.5) to 78 (64–95), with no significant difference among the three questionnaire administrations (p = 0.616). No significant difference emerged among the three administered questionnaires for subscales (p = 0.095, 0.410 and 0.410 for ‘active grief’ AG, ‘difficulty in coping’ DC and ‘despair’ D scores, respectively). Concordance varied from good to very good among all questionnaire administrations. Conclusions This Italian version of the PGS can be used by clinicians to assess Italian women's responses to stillbirth and perinatal loss, as well as by researchers for research purposes.

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The presence and predictors of complicated grief symptoms in perinatally bereaved mothers from a bereavement support organization

Abstract: The Prevalence and Predictors of Complicated Grief Symptoms in Perinatally-bereaved Mothers

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Prolonged grief disorder in Chinese Shidu parents who have lost their only child

Factors Contributing to Men’s Grief Following Pregnancy Loss and Neonatal Death: Further Development of an Emerging Model in an Australian Sample

Italian translation and validation of the Perinatal Grief Scale

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