The promise of the anti-idiotype concept

Kieber‐Emmons, Thomas; Monzavi-Karbassi, Bejatohlah; Pashov, Anastas; Saha, Somdutta; Murali, Ramachandran; Köhler, Heinz‐R.

doi:10.3389/fonc.2012.00196

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…One explanation for this paradoxical phenomenon relies on the idiotype network theory [141]. Briefly, this theory suggests that after the development of an anti-ID Ab by the treated patient, the immune response continues and subsequently develops an antibody response capable of recognizing the specific idiotype component of the anti-ID Abs (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Anti-idiotype Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-GD2 MABS and Next-Generation mAb-Based Agents for Cancer Therapy

2016

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Tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated efficacy in the clinic, becoming an important approach for cancer immunotherapy. Due to its limited expression on normal tissue, the GD2 disialogangloside expressed on neuroblastoma cells is an excellent candidate for mAb therapy. In 2015, dinutuximab (an anti-GD2 mAb) was approved by the US FDA and is currently used in a combination immunotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we review the extensive preclinical and clinical development of anti-GD2 mAbs and the different mechanisms by which they mediate tumor cell killing. In addition, we discuss different mAb-based strategies that capitalize on the targeting ability of anti-GD2 mAbs to potentially deliver, as monotherapy, or in combination with other treatments, improved antitumor efficacy.

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Section: Anti-idiotype Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-GD2 MABS and Next-Generation mAb-Based Agents for Cancer Therapy

2016

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“…Theoretical studies to support these ideas revolved around models of idiotypic networks, whose relevance however proved difficult to demonstrate in practice [13, 14]. After a remarkable initial growth in the 80’s, these ideas were progressively abandoned afterwards [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Immune System Perform a t-Test?

2017

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The self-nonself discrimination hypothesis remains a landmark concept in immunology. It proposes that tolerance breaks down in the presence of nonself antigens. In strike contrast, in statistics, occurrence of nonself elements in a sample (i.e., outliers) is not obligatory to violate the null hypothesis. Very often, what is crucial is the combination of (self) elements in a sample. The two views on how to detect a change seem challengingly different and it could seem difficult to conceive how immunological cellular interactions could trigger responses with a precision comparable to some statistical tests. Here it is shown that frustrated cellular interactions reconcile the two views within a plausible immunological setting. It is proposed that the adaptive immune system can be promptly activated either when nonself ligands are detected or self-ligands occur in abnormal combinations. In particular we show that cellular populations behaving in this way could perform location statistical tests, with performances comparable to t or KS tests, or even more general data mining tests such as support vector machines or random forests. In more general terms, this work claims that plausible immunological models should provide accurate detection mechanisms for host protection and, furthermore, that investigation on mechanisms leading to improved detection in “in silico” models can help unveil how the real immune system works.

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“…The idiotype of an antibody may be considered as a collection of idiotopes. In the meantime, few anti-idiotypes attach to the idiotype in the same way a unique antigen attaches, they may have some antigenic features [6]. Generally, animals are immunized with antibodies particular for a given antigen for the development of anti-idiotypes.…”

Section: Concept Of Idiotype and Anti-idiotype Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anti-idiotype (Anti-Ids) is that antibody which attaches to the idiotypic variable domains of an additional antibody. Idiotope is that particular position on an idiotype which binds by some anti-ids as shown in plate 1 (A) [6]. The idiotype of an antibody may be considered as a collection of idiotopes.…”

Section: Concept Of Idiotype and Anti-idiotype Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recapitulation of the anti-Idiotype antibodies as vaccine candidate

et al. 2018

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The foreign antigen that enters into the body is detected by the immune system through antigen presenting cells leading to the production of antibodies. The use of anti-idiotype antibodies is a new way to excite the immune response that identifies and eliminates the foreign antigens entered into the body. These Anti-idiotype antibodies have the ability to decrease the non-specific binding of the antigenic protein epitopes because of high specificity for the antigenic determinants. The anti-idiotype antibodies attach to the paratope of idiotype antibody and stimulate a precise immune reaction same as that of external antigen. The anti-idiotype antibodies are the peerless therapeutic candidate as they mimic the antigenic structure and potentiate antibody and cell-mediated immunity. Even in the absence of foreign antigen, these anti-idiotype antibodies have the potential to provide long-lasting immunity. The present review is about immune regulations by anti-idiotype antibodies with some success therapeutic stories. The previous research analysis is evidence of anti-idiotype antibodies as an excellent candidate for the development of both human and animal vaccines although it has some gaps that are needed to be addressed.

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The promise of the anti-idiotype concept

Cited by 31 publications

References 122 publications

Anti-GD2 MABS and Next-Generation mAb-Based Agents for Cancer Therapy

Anti-GD2 MABS and Next-Generation mAb-Based Agents for Cancer Therapy

Can the Immune System Perform a t-Test?

Recapitulation of the anti-Idiotype antibodies as vaccine candidate

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