The Role of Autophagy in Skin Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, and Epidermal Stem Cells

Jeong, Deok; Qomaladewi, Nurinanda Prisky; Lee, Jongsung; Park, Sang Hee; Cho, Jae Youl

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.023

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…UV light can cause various skin diseases and abnormalities such as skin cancer, rashes, wrinkling, and skin pigmentation [ 55 ]. Melanin induction under UV irradiation is a type of protective mechanism for the skin to avoid burning, irritations as well as the generation of skin cancer [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

Lim

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Theasinensin A (TSA) is a major group of catechin dimers mainly found in oolong tea and black tea. This compound is also manufactured with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a substrate and is refined after the enzyme reaction. In previous studies, TSA has been reported to be effective against inflammation. However, the effect of these substances on skin melanin formation remains unknown. In this study, we unraveled the role of TSA in melanogenesis using mouse melanoma B16F10 cells and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. TSA inhibited melanin formation and secretion in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells and NHEMs. TSA down-regulated the mRNA expression of tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), and Tyrp2, which are all related to melanin formation in these cells. TSA was able to suppress the activities of certain proteins in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) signaling pathway associated with melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). We also confirmed α-MSH-mediated CREB activities through a luciferase reporter assay, and that the quantities of cAMP were reduced by TSA in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results. Based on these findings, TSA should be considered an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

Lim

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…Among those mechanisms, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis have tremendous significance in skin, which may suggest remarkable modulatory impacts on skin-related disease treatment. For example, autophagy, a starvation-induced cellular recycling pathway, is now regarded as a critical event in regulating the skin microenvironment [ 175 ]. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), an upregulated target of BMP2, is involved in autophagy and can be translocated to the nucleus during oxidative stress, leading to autophagy [ 176 , 177 ].…”

Section: Signals and Signaling Pathways In Hfscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells

Zhang

et al. 2021

Stem Cell Res Ther

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Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are among the most widely available resources and most frequently approved model systems used for studying adult stem cells. HFSCs are particularly useful because of their self-renewal and differentiation properties. Additionally, the cyclic growth of hair follicles is driven by HFSCs. There are high expectations for the use of HFSCs as favourable systems for studying the molecular mechanisms that contribute to HFSC identification and can be applied to hair loss therapy, such as the activation or regeneration of hair follicles, and to the generation of hair using a tissue-engineering strategy. A variety of molecules are involved in the networks that critically regulate the fate of HFSCs, such as factors in hair follicle growth and development (in the Wnt pathway, Sonic hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, and BMP pathway), and that suppress apoptotic cues (the apoptosis pathway). Here, we review the life cycle, biomarkers and functions of HFSCs, concluding with a summary of the signalling pathways involved in HFSC fate for promoting better understanding of the pathophysiological changes in the HFSC niche. Importantly, we highlight the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic targets involved in pathways associated with the treatment of hair loss and other disorders of skin and hair, including alopecia, skin cancer, skin inflammation, and skin wound healing.

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“…Autophagosomes fuse directly with lysosomes, or fuse with endosomes first, and transport to lysosomes afterwards to form autophagic lysosomes. (2,(62)(63)(64) In recent years, the research of autophagy in various diseases has been deepened gradually, such as psychiatric diseases, cutaneous melanoma, and so on. (65,66) Simultaneously, autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis.…”

Section: Autophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

cGAS-STING pathway participates in endometriosis by up-regulating autophagy:Review.

zhu¹,

Chen²,

Du³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthetase (cGAS) and its downstream interferon gene stimulator (STING) act as important immune monitoring media have become a research hotspot. cGAS-STING pathway may play a key role in the occurrence and development of endometriosis by regulating autophagy. The combination of inhibitors targeting cGAS-STING with estrogen or surgery may become a therapeutic approach for endometriosis, and we present a review about the mechanism and physiological function of cGAS-STING pathway, typical autophagy and STING-dependent atypical autophagy, autophagy expression in endometriosis, and a new idea that cGAS-STING may be involved in endometriosis by regulating autophagy.

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The Role of Autophagy in Skin Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, and Epidermal Stem Cells

Cited by 68 publications

References 70 publications

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

Antimelanogenesis Effects of Theasinensin A

A systematic summary of survival and death signalling during the life of hair follicle stem cells

cGAS-STING pathway participates in endometriosis by up-regulating autophagy:Review.

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