The role of cholinergic networks of the anterior basal and inferior frontal lobes in the predatory behaviour of Sepia officinalis

This paper is the result of an international initiative and is a first attempt to develop guidelines for the care and welfare of cephalopods (i.e. nautilus, cuttlefish, squid and octopus) following the inclusion of this Class of ∼700 known living invertebrate species in Directive 2010/63/EU. It aims to provide information for investigators, animal care committees, facility managers and animal care staff which will assist in improving both the care given to cephalopods, and the manner in which experimental procedures are carried out. Topics covered include: implications of the Directive for cephalopod research; project application requirements and the authorisation process; the application of the 3Rs principles; the need for harm-benefit assessment and severity classification. Guidelines and species-specific requirements are provided on: i. supply, capture and transport; ii. environmental characteristics and design of facilities (e.g. water quality control, lighting requirements, vibration/noise sensitivity); iii. accommodation and care (including tank design), animal handling, feeding and environmental enrichment; iv. assessment of health and welfare (e.g. monitoring biomarkers, physical and behavioural signs); v. approaches to severity assessment; vi. disease (causes, prevention and treatment); vii. scientific procedures, general anaesthesia and analgesia, methods of humane killing and confirmation of death. Sections covering risk assessment for operators and education and training requirements for carers, researchers and veterinarians are also included. Detailed aspects of care and welfare requirements for the main laboratory species currently used are summarised in Appendices. Knowledge gaps are highlighted to prompt research to enhance the evidence base for future revision of these guidelines.

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“…e.g. 397,398 . Finally, surgical implantation of vascular catheters has been used as a method of drug administration and for pressure recording.…”

Section: Scientific Procedures Severity and Harm-benefit Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

et al. 2015

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“…Similarly, within the cephalopods, there is biochemical and pharmacological information on the distribution of acetylcholine within the CNS [128,129] and clear evidence that disruption of the cholinergic systems in the higher CNS centers, such as in the vertical and frontal lobes, interferes with both learned behaviours [130] and memory recall [131]. There is of course extensive evidence for the presence of almost all of the other major neurotransmitters and neuromodulators within the cephalopods CNS [for reviews see 31,128], but apart from acetylcholine and nitric oxide there is little published work linking these specifically to memory and learning.…”

Section: The Tactile Memory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalopod Neural Networks

Williamson

Chrachri²

2004

Neurosignals

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Cephalopods have arguably the largest and most complex nervous systems amongst the invertebrates; but despite the squid giant axon being one of the best studied nerve cells in neuroscience, and the availability of superb information on the morphology of some cephalopod brains, there is surprisingly little known about the operation of the neural networks that underlie the sophisticated range of behaviour these animals display. This review focuses on a few of the best studied neural networks: the giant fiber system, the chromatophore system, the statocyst system, the visual system and the learning and memory system, with a view to summarizing our current knowledge and stimulating new studies, particularly on the activities of identified central neurons, to provide a more complete understanding of networks within the cephalopod nervous system.

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“… 57 The vertical lobe system also plays a part in tactile learning and is, together with the optic lobes, the main component of the visual learning system. In experiments in which the vertical lobe of Octopus vulgaris was lesioned, the ability to learn visual discriminations was drastically impaired 58 and the disruption of the cholinergic systems in the higher motor centers interferes with both learning behaviors 59 and memory recall. 11…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the vertical lobe of the octopus brain is also involved in complex forms of long-term learning and memory. 58 , 63 In fact, Hochner et al 64 found that the octopus vertical lobe shows two different types of mechanisms for induction of long-term potentiation as in different parts of the vertebrate hippocampus. One type appears to depend on the postsynaptic response, while the other does not require a strong postsynaptic response for induction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of choline acetyltransferase of common type in the central brain mass of Octopus vulgaris

et al. 2012

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Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be identified in the vertebrate frog, is widely distributed among the animal kingdom. The presence of a large amount of acetylcholine in the nervous system of cephalopods is well known from several biochemical and physiological studies. However, little is known about the precise distribution of cholinergic structures due to a lack of a suitable histochemical technique for detecting acetylcholine. The most reliable method to visualize the cholinergic neurons is the immunohistochemical localization of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine. Following our previous study on the distribution patterns of cholinergic neurons in the Octopus vulgaris visual system, using a novel antibody that recognizes choline acetyltransferase of the common type (cChAT), now we extend our investigation on the octopus central brain mass. When applied on sections of octopus central ganglia, immunoreactivity for cChAT was detected in cell bodies of all central brain mass lobes with the notable exception of the subfrontal and subvertical lobes. Positive varicosed nerves fibers where observed in the neuropil of all central brain mass lobes.

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The role of cholinergic networks of the anterior basal and inferior frontal lobes in the predatory behaviour of Sepia officinalis

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research –A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group

Cephalopod Neural Networks

Immunolocalization of choline acetyltransferase of common type in the central brain mass of Octopus vulgaris

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