The Role of Culture in Legal Languages, Legal Interpretation and Legal Translation

Piszcz, Anna; Sierocka, Halina

doi:10.1007/s11196-020-09760-3

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Critically analyzing ambiguous terms through the integral ecology lens helps to contain the risk for ambiguity to become an object of governance-a strategic asset in governance, as Jacqueline Best observes [21]. Gray areas in terminology can build invisible barriers-as in the case of novel food-such as the obstacles to the market placement of foods that do not belong to the European culture [22]. In this sense, an extensive and living interpretation of the law contributes to mitigating the governance, and dominance, of a leading legal culture over others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Poto

Morel

2021

Sustainability

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“Novel food” in the European Union’s (EU) legal terms refers to any food that was not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the EU before 15 May 1997 (Regulation 2015/2283/EU (2015)). Placing novel food on the market requires a safety assessment when such novelty is ascertained, with the consequent need of an authorization procedure that is not required for food traditionally conceived in the EU. Studies have highlighted how such a Eurocentric proof of traditional/novel use of food results in unequal treatment of third countries, with a slowdown of their market investments in the EU market. This contribution addresses this aspect by critically examining the disparity of treatment and suggesting the adoption of a wide-ranging interpretation of food novelty that considers the biocultural context in which food is embedded. This work is based on a critical legal analysis through the hermeneutics of Reg. 2015/2283/EU (2015) and a case study on algae from Northern Norway and Sápmi, carried out by the project SECURE. We conclude that a legal interpretation connecting food to its biocultural context would contribute to qualify it as traditional and therefore facilitate its placement on the market. Our case study provides an example of the macroalgae collected in Northern Norway/Sápmi that through the criterion of the biocultural context would qualify as traditional food, without recourse to the authorization procedure. Further research could assess whether the European Commission’s list of authorized novel foods (which include algae whose status as novel food has been inquired and assessed) expands to also comprehend some of the low-trophic marine resources (LTMR) harvested in Northern Norway/Sápmi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Poto

Morel

2021

Sustainability

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“…The approach that will be used in this writing is statue approach done by researching the legislation. 13…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Construction and Implications Related to Protection of Making Sex Tape With a Couple

Furqania

Michael

2021

Mimbar K

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This study aims to analyze the Indonesian laws and regulations concerning the protection of intimate video makers. The research was conducted by analyzing the Pornography Law, the Information and Electronic Transaction Law, the Government Regulation on the Implementation of Electronic Transaction Systems, and the Regulation of the Minister of Information Communication on Personal Data Protection. This research found that data/documents that are made for oneself and for their own interests which are not prohibited by law and included to one of the privacy rights that must be protected by every human being and by the state. The making of this intimate video is included in the privacy rights to enjoy life and should not be contested. Activities contained in the video can range from holding hands, hugging, kissing to having sex with consent. Therefore, if there are those who oppose rights such as acquisition and distribution without consent, the owner of the personal data can file a lawsuit for damages and have a right to erase their electronic documents.Keywords: intimate video; protection; sexual lawAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia yang memuat tentang perlindungan terhadap pembuat video mesra. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis Undang-Undang Pornografi, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem Transaksi Elektronik serta Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informasi tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa data/dokumen yang dibuat untuk diri sendiri dan kepentingan sendiri bukanlah hal yang dilarang oleh undang-undang dan justru harus dilindungi baik oleh tiap manusia maupun negara. Pembuatan video mesra ini termasuk dalam hak pribadi untuk menikmati hidup dan tidak boleh diganggu gugat. Aktivitas yang termuat dalam video tersebut bisa dari bergandengan tangan, berpelukan, berciuman hingga berhubungan badan yang dilakukan atas persetujuan. Oleh sebab itu jika terdapat pelanggaran terhadap hak seperti perolehan dan penyebarluasan tanpa persetujuan, pemilik data pribadi dapat mengajukan gugatan kerugian dan mengajukan permohonan untuk menghapus data tersebut.

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“…Language and communication have been essential for people to get along and work together since the dawn of human civilization [1]. So, translating between different cultures has been very important to the growth of society, both economically and culturally [2,3]. Culture and language are inseparable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masakhane Web: A Machine Translation Platform for African Languages

Gitau

Kabongo

Modupe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Low-resource languages pose a particularly difficult challenge to neu-ral machine translation (NMT), and there appears to be insufficient machine translation (MT) systems to support African language accessibility. Masakhane Web, an NMT system for African languages, is proposed in this paper. Our approach is an open-source platform that is free, flexible, and produces reasonably accurate translations for African languages. The platform makes use of Masakhane community-trained MT models. It enables users to generate new data by providing feedback on translations, which is then used to retrain the models to improve them. Ultimately, our goal is to create a platform that can provide accurate translations for African languages and make the process of creating MT models easier for those who lack the technical expertise. Furthermore, we include strategies for domain experts to evaluate the system and explain how the platform can be used as a data collection source to improve MT for African languages.

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The Role of Culture in Legal Languages, Legal Interpretation and Legal Translation

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Suggesting an Extensive Interpretation of the Concept of Novelty That Looks at the Bio-Cultural Dimension of Food

Legal Construction and Implications Related to Protection of Making Sex Tape With a Couple

Masakhane Web: A Machine Translation Platform for African Languages

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