The role of nutrients, peptide growth factors and co-culture cells in development of preimplantation embryos in vitro

Effects of type and state of co-culture cells on in-vitro development of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro

“…co-culture cells) produce mitogenic substances for the embryos; (2) extracellular matrix products from the helper cells promote embryonic cell differentiation; and (3) the helper cells can metabolize or sequester embryotoxic substances from the culture medium (18). The results from the present study support the above hypotheses that the co-culture system could improve the development of the embryo in vitro.…”

Acyl‐CoA Binding Protein Gene Ablation Induces Pre‐implantation Embryonic Lethality in Mice

“…Since there is too little glycogen to sustain the pre-implantation embryo, especially that of the mouse, the pre-implantation embryo is heavily dependent on an exogenous energy supply for synthesizing fatty acids [58]. Pyruvate and lactic acid in oviductal fluid represent the major carbon sources of mouse pre-implantation embryos up to the 4-cell stage, while glucose serves this purpose thereafter [58][59][60]. Acetyl CoA derived from these nutrients is oxidized to produce energy or is used as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis required for formation of membranes and longerterm energy storage than can be accomplished by energy storage as glycogen.…”

Beneficial effects of Vero cells for developing IVF bovine eggs in two different coculture systems

“…A conditioned medium has some advantages over that of a coculture system, eg, it may be stored frozen and the same batch of medium can be used for several replicates (Eyestone et al, 1991 ). It has been said that feeder cells may function by secreting embryotrophic factors and/or by modifying the culture medium by a detoxification process Kane et al, 1992). Chen et al (1994) ( 1996).…”