The SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) – VIII. The nature of faint submillimetre galaxies in SHADES, SWIRE and SXDF surveys

Clements, D. L.; Vaccari, M.; Babbedge, T.; Oliver, Seb; Rowan-Robinson, M.; Davoodi, Payam; Ivison, R. J.; Farrah, D.; Dunlop, James; Shupe, D. L.; Waddington, I.; Simpson, Chris; Furusawa, Hisanori; Serjeant, S.; Afonso-Luis, A.; Alexander, D. M.; Aretxaga, I.; Blain, A. W.; Borys, C.; Chapman, Scott; Coppin, K. E. K.; Dunne, L.; Dye, S.; Eales, Stephen Anthony; Evans, T. M.; Fan, Fang; Frayer, David; Fox, M.; Gear, Walter Kieran; Greve, T. R.; Halpern, M.; Hughes, D. H.; Jenness, Tim; Lonsdale, C. J.; Mortier, A. M. J.; Page, M. J.; Pope, Alexandra; Priddey, R.; Rawlings, Steve; Savage, Richard S.; Scott, Douglas; Scott, S. E.; Sekiguchi, K.; Smail, Ian; Smith, H. E.; Stevens, J. A.; Surace, J.; Takagi, Toshinobu; Kampen, E. van

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13172.x

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In fact Coppin et al find that most SMGs in their sample are actually even colder (28 K). Clements et al (2008) presented spectral energy distributions of SMGs detected in the SHADES survey and for which there are also supplementary optical and Spitzer data. They found that out of the 33 sources in their sample 8 can be fitted by a cirrus template whereas most of the other sources can be fitted by an Arp220 template.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starburst and cirrus models for submillimeter galaxies

Efstathiou¹,

Siebenmorgen

2009

A&A

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We present radiative transfer models for submillimeter galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts and mid-infrared spectroscopy from Spitzer/IRS and analyze available Spitzer/MIPS 24, 70 and 160 μm data. We use two types of starburst models, a cirrus model and a model for the emission of an AGN torus in order to investigate the nature of these objects. We find that for three of the objects (25%) cirrus emission alone can account for the mid-infrared spectrum and the MIPS and submillimeter data. For the remaining objects we find that we need a combination of starburst and cirrus in order to fit simultaneously the multi-wavelength data. We find that the typical submillimeter galaxy has comparable luminosity in the starburst (median L = 10 12.5 L ) and cirrus (median L = 10 12.4 L ) components. This could arise if the galaxies have been forming stars continuously for the last 250 Myr with the star formation occurring in the last 5 Myr being shrouded by high-optical-depth molecular cloud dust, whereas the rest of the starlight is attenuated by diffuse dust or cirrus with an A V of about 1 mag.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starburst and cirrus models for submillimeter galaxies

Efstathiou¹,

Siebenmorgen

2009

A&A

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“…A population of extremely dust-obscured and vigorously star-forming galaxies is represented by the SCUBA galaxies (Clements et al 2008), very luminous in the far infrared and sub-millimetric bands owing to massive dust reprocessing, but intrinsically faint in the optical band. Schurer et al (2009) have used the same elliptical models as described in this work to compute the photometric properties of galaxies, by taking into account both the chemical and the spectro-photometric evolution of silicate and carbon dust grains.…”

Section: The Evolution Of the Mass-metallicity Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of the mass-metallicity relation in galaxies of different morphological types

Calura¹,

Pipino

Chiappini

et al. 2009

A&A

133

153

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Aims. By means of chemical evolution models for ellipticals, spirals, and irregular galaxies, we aim at investigating the physical meaning and the redshift evolution of the mass-metallicity relation, as well as how this relation is connected with galaxy morphology. Methods. Our models distinguish among different morphological types through the use of different infall, outflow, and star formation prescriptions. We assume that galaxy morphologies do not change with cosmic time. We present a method accounting for a spread in the epochs of galaxy formation and refining the galactic mass grid. To do that, we extracted the formation times randomly and assumed an age dispersion Δ t . We compared our predictions to observational results obtained for galaxies between redshifts 0.07 and 3.5. Results. We reproduce the mass-metallicity (MZ) relation mainly by means of an increasing efficiency of star formation with mass in galaxies of all morphological types, without any need to invokegalactic outflows favoring the loss of metals in the less massive galaxies. Our predictions can help constraining the slope and the zero point of the observed local MZ relation, both affected by uncertainties related to the use of different metallicity calibrations. We show how, by considering the MZ, the O/H vs. star formation rate (SFR), and the SFR vs. galactic mass diagrams at various redshifts, it is possible to constrain the morphology of the galaxies producing these relations. Our results indicate that the galaxies observed at z = 3.5 should be mainly proto-ellipticals, whereas at z = 2.2 the observed galaxies consist of a morphological mix of proto-spirals and proto-ellipticals. At lower redshifts, the observed MZ relation is reproduced by considering both spirals and irregulars. Galaxies with different star formation histories may overlap in the MZ diagram, but measures of abundance ratios such as [O/Fe] can help to break this degeneracy. Predictions for the MZ relations for other elements (C, N, Mg, Si, Fe) are also presented, with largest dispersions predicted for elements produced in considerable amounts by Type Ia SNe, owing to the long lifetimes of their progenitors.

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“…We also computed S20/S3.6 for the submm-detected sources of the SCUBA-SHADES survey (Clements et al 2008;Ivison et al 2007). We find that these sources in general have rather low S20/S3.6 values, of the order of a few, with only three exceeding 10.…”

Section: The Ratio Of the 14 Ghz And 36 μM Flux Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The radio properties of infrared-faint radio sources

Middelberg

Norris

Hales

et al. 2010

A&A

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Context. Infrared-faint radio sources (IFRS) are objects that have flux densities of several mJy at 1.4 GHz, but that are invisible at 3.6 μm when using sensitive Spitzer observations with μJy sensitivities. Their nature is unclear and difficult to investigate since they are only visible in the radio. Aims. High-resolution radio images and comprehensive spectral coverage can yield constraints on the emission mechanisms of IFRS and can give hints to similarities with known objects. Methods. We imaged a sample of 17 IFRS at 4.8 GHz and 8.6 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array to determine the structures on arcsecond scales. We added radio data from other observing projects and from the literature to obtain broad-band radio spectra. Results. We find that the sources in our sample are either resolved out at the higher frequencies or are compact at resolutions of a few arcsec, which implies that they are smaller than a typical galaxy. The spectra of IFRS are remarkably steep, with a median spectral index of −1.4 and a prominent lack of spectral indices larger than −0.7. We also find that, given the IR non-detections, the ratio of 1.4 GHz flux density to 3.6 μm flux density is very high, and this puts them into the same regime as high-redshift radio galaxies. Conclusions. The evidence that IFRS are predominantly high-redshift sources driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) is strong, even though not all IFRS may be caused by the same phenomenon. Compared to the rare and painstakingly collected high-redshift radio galaxies, IFRS appear to be much more abundant, but less luminous, AGN-driven galaxies at similar cosmological distances.

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The SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) – VIII. The nature of faint submillimetre galaxies in SHADES, SWIRE and SXDF surveys

Cited by 53 publications

References 90 publications

Starburst and cirrus models for submillimeter galaxies

Starburst and cirrus models for submillimeter galaxies

The evolution of the mass-metallicity relation in galaxies of different morphological types

The radio properties of infrared-faint radio sources

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