The Semi-ideal Solution Theory. 3. Extension to Viscosity of Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions

Experimental measurements and modelling of viscosity and density of calcium and potassium chlorides ternary solutions

“…In the previous work 18 , viscosity data of the ternary solutions of NaCl and CaCl 2 were correlated by three models available in the literature; the mixing model (GF model) developed by Goldsack and Franchetto 5,26 , the exponential model and the extended Jones-Dole model 27 . The present work, viscosity data of the ternary aqueous solution of potassium chloride and calcium chloride are correlated and predicted by the above mentioned models in addition to Hue equation 28 and modified extended Jones Dole.…”

Viscosities of the Ternary Systems Y(NO3)3 + Ce(NO3)3 + H2O, Y(NO3)3 + Nd(NO3)3 + H2O, and Ce(NO3)3 + Nd(NO3)3 + H2O and Their Binary Subsystems at Different Temperatures and Atmospheric Pressure

“…According to the semi-ideal solution theory, [3][4][5][6]15 the viscosity of a ternary solution is related to those of its constituent binary solutions of equal water activity by…”

“…According to the semi-ideal solution theory, − , the viscosity of a ternary solution is related to those of its constituent binary solutions of equal water activity by ln nobreak0em.25em⁡ italicη = ∑ i ( x normalM i false( normalN normalO 3 false) 3 / x M i ( N O 3 ) 3 ( i o ) ) ln nobreak0em.25em⁡ italicη normalM i false( normalN normalO 3 false) 3 false( i normalo false) where x M i (NO 3 ) 3 ( i o) and η M i (NO 3 ) 3 ( i o) denote the mole fraction and the viscosity of the binary solution M i (NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O ( i = 1 and 2) having the same water activity as that of the mixed solution M 1 (NO 3 ) 3 + M 2 (NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O. x M i (NO 3 ) 3 is the mole fraction of M i (NO 3 ) 3 in the mixed solution.…”

“…The obtained values of B l are shown in Table . Then, determine the compositions ( m M i (NO 3 ) 3 ( i o) ) of the binary solutions having the same water activity as that of the mixed solution of given molalities m M i (NO 3 ) 3 ( i = 1 and 2) using the osmotic coefficients of M i (NO 3 ) 3 ( i = 1 and 2) − and the linear isopiestic relation: − , m normalM 1 false( NO 3 false) 3 m normalM 1 false( NO 3 false) 3 false( 1 normalo false) + m normalM 2 false( normalN normalO 3 false) 3 m normalM 2 false( normalN normalO 3 false) 3 false( 2 normalo false) = 1 goodbreak0em3em⁣ ( a w = constant and 0 ≤ m M i ( NO 3 ) 3 m …”

“…The simple predictive equations have been established for the thermodynamic and transport properties of multicomponent solutions and have been systematically checked by comparisons with the experimental results. − Recently, excellent reviews of existing viscosity mixing rules and models have been given by Laliberté and Yang et al In addition, Laliberté proposed a mixing rule and a viscosity model that are applicable to solutions of an arbitrary number of solutes in water, with no limits on solute concentration or solution temperature. The agreements between the predictions of Laliberté's model and the experimental viscosities are very impressive.…”