The Shift of ERG B-Wave Induced by Hours' Dark Exposure in Rodents

Li, Dake; Fang, Qi; Yu, Hongbo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161010

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In agreement with previous studies in rodents [26,29,33], canines [25] and humans [20], we demonstrated that the implicit times of the flash ERGs decreased during light adaptation as well as during dark adaption. As proposed above for their corresponding amplitudes, the sudden increase after background light onset and subsequent decrease in implicit times over both light/dark adaptation periods is probably also a general recovery after an instantaneous change in implicit time following the alteration in adaptation level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although there are studies that describe the changes in cone or rod ERGs after bleaching of the retina using paired flash stimuli [30,31,32], there are not many data about ERG responsivity changes during dark adaptation that are recorded with single flash ERGs or flicker ERGs. Li et al [33] found an increase in amplitude and a decrease in latency in rodents during dark adaptation, which is similar to the results in the study of Maehara et al [25] in canines.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In the present study, the effects of adaptation to high light levels and to dark backgrounds were studied in the same session and on an identical group of animals. In comparison to previous studies on either one or the other adaptation type showing a similarly gradual amplitude increase in the flash ERGs during light (rats: [29], mice: [26,35], humans: [20,21,24]) and during dark adaptation (rodents: [33] and canines: [25]), our study demonstrates this to be the result of an instantaneous amplitude decrease upon the increase of background luminance. However, the amplitude increased further after the background illumination was decreased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Electrophysiological Studies on The Dynamics of Luminance Adaptation in the Mouse Retina

Joachimsthaler

Tsai

Kremers

2017

Vision

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To date, most studies involving in vivo electroretinography in mice are performed on steady state adapted animals. In this study, we focused on the dynamics of adaptation to high and low light levels in the mouse retina. Two flash electroretinogram (ERG) protocols and one flicker ERG protocol were employed. In the two flash ERG protocols, the animals were adapted to either 25 or 40 cd/m 2 white light and ERGs were recorded for up to 15 min of adaptation. Afterwards, flash ERGs were recorded for up to 45 min of dark adaptation. Amplitudes of the flash ERG increased during light adaptation, while implicit times of the different wave components decreased. During subsequent dark adaptation, the amplitudes further increased. The increase in a-to-b-wave ratio indicated adaptational processes at the photoreceptor synapse. In the flicker ERG protocol, the responses to 12 Hz sinusoidal luminance modulation during the adaptation to 25 cd/m 2 and a 1 cd/m 2 mean luminances were recorded. The amplitudes of the first harmonic components in the flicker protocol decreased during light adaptation but increased during dark adaptation. This is at odds with the changes in the flash ERG, indicating that adaptation may be different in different retinal pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Electrophysiological Studies on The Dynamics of Luminance Adaptation in the Mouse Retina

Joachimsthaler

Tsai

Kremers

2017

Vision

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“…The mERG was conducted using the multi-electrode array (MEA) recording system (USB-MEA60-Up-System, MultiChannel Systems, Germany) with the standard 8x8 probe (60MEA200/30iR-Ti-gr) as previously described (Iraha et al, 2018). In order to distinguish the effects of prolonged dark adaptation from dark rearing, mice reared under LD and LL conditions were dark adapted for 24 h prior to the recording, as long dark adaptation (6 to 24 h) can significantly reduce the b-wave amplitude (Li et al, 2016). P14 B6J mice were deeply anesthetized with sevoflurane inhalation, followed immediately by decerebration and harvest of retinas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Photoreceptor Synapses in Developing, Degenerating and Regenerating Retinas

Akiba

Matsuyama

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of synapses is crucial to understand neural connectivity. This is particularly relevant now, in view of the recent advances in regenerative biology and medicine. There is an urgent need to evaluate synapses to access the extent and functionality of reconstructed neural network. Most of the currently used synapse evaluation methods provide only all-or-none assessments. However, very often synapses appear in a wide spectrum of transient states such as during synaptogenesis or neural degeneration. Robust evaluation of synapse quantity and quality is therefore highly sought after. In this paper we introduce QUANTOS, a new method that can evaluate the number, likelihood, and maturity of photoreceptor ribbon synapses based on graphical properties of immunohistochemistry images. QUANTOS is composed of ImageJ Fiji macros, and R scripts which are both open-source and free software. We used QUANTOS to evaluate synaptogenesis in developing and degenerating retinas, as well as de novo synaptogenesis of mouse iPSC-retinas after transplantation to a retinal degeneration mouse model. Our analysis shows that while mouse iPSC-retinas are largely incapable of forming synapses in vitro, they can form extensive synapses following transplantation. The de novo synapses detected after transplantation seem to be in an intermediate state between mature and immature compared to wildtype retina. Furthermore, using QUANTOS we tested whether environmental light can affect photoreceptor synaptogenesis. We found that the onset of synaptogenesis was earlier under cyclic light (LD) condition when compared to constant dark (DD), resulting in more synapses at earlier developmental stages. The effect of light was also supported by micro electroretinography showing larger responses under LD condition. The number of synapses was also increased after transplantation of mouse iPSC-retinas to rd1 mice under LD condition. Our new probabilistic assessment of synapses may prove to be a valuable tool to gain critical insights into neural-network reconstruction and help develop treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.

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“…Electroretinogram recordings from mice and rats indicate that light- and dark-adaptation occur not only in photoreceptor outer segments, but also at photoreceptor synapses ( 6 , 7 ). Additionally, electrophysiological studies using genetically-modified mice, in which key steps in retinal processing are inactivated, point to photoreceptor to ON-BC transmission as an important site of light-adaptation synaptic plasticity ( 8 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-dependent changes in the outer plexiform layer of the mouse retina

Haley,

Hecht,

Ren

et al. 2023

Front. Ophthalmol.

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The ability of the visual system to relay meaningful information over a wide range of lighting conditions is critical to functional vision, and relies on mechanisms of adaptation within the retina that adjust sensitivity and gain as ambient light changes. Photoreceptor synapses represent the first stage of image processing in the visual system, thus activity-driven changes at this site are a potentially powerful, yet under-studied means of adaptation. To gain insight into these mechanisms, the abundance and distribution of key synaptic proteins involved in photoreceptor to ON-bipolar cell transmission were compared between light-adapted mice and mice subjected to prolonged dark exposure (72 hours), by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoblotting. We also tested the effects on protein abundance and distribution of 0.5-4 hours of light exposure following prolonged darkness. Proteins examined included the synaptic ribbon protein, ribeye, and components of the ON-bipolar cell signal transduction pathway (mGluR6, TRPM1, RGS11, GPR179, Goα). The results indicate a reduction in immunoreactivity for ribeye, TRPM1, mGluR6, and RGS11 following prolonged dark exposure compared to the light-adapted state, but a rapid restoration of the light-adapted pattern upon light exposure. Electron microscopy revealed similar ultrastructure of light-adapted and dark-adapted photoreceptor terminals, with the exception of electron dense vesicles in dark-adapted but not light-adapted ON-bipolar cell dendrites. To assess synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to ON-bipolar cells, we recorded electroretinograms after different dark exposure times (2, 16, 24, 48, 72 hours) and measured the b-wave to a-wave ratios. Consistent with the reduction in synaptic proteins, the b/a ratios were smaller following prolonged dark exposure (48-72 hours) compared to 16 hours dark exposure (13-21%, depending on flash intensity). Overall, the results provide evidence of light/dark-dependent plasticity in photoreceptor synapses at the biochemical, morphological, and physiological levels.

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The Shift of ERG B-Wave Induced by Hours' Dark Exposure in Rodents

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Electrophysiological Studies on The Dynamics of Luminance Adaptation in the Mouse Retina

Electrophysiological Studies on The Dynamics of Luminance Adaptation in the Mouse Retina

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Photoreceptor Synapses in Developing, Degenerating and Regenerating Retinas

Light-dependent changes in the outer plexiform layer of the mouse retina

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