The Structural and Mechanical Properties of the Bone

Abstract

The work contains basic information on the anatomy and physiology of bone tissue. Basic concepts related to the structure of bone tissue are presented. General issues related to bone reconstruction processes and biomechanical structural adaptations processes were described. Mechanical parameters of bone tissue were presented.

Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

“…Indeed, despite the similarity in terms of materials and morphological features between the cortical and trabecular bone, the differences in porosity confer them peculiar mechanical properties. In particular, while the cortical bone is characterized by high compressive strength , the trabecular bone stregth is one or two order of magnitude less (2 to 12 MPa) [3,7]. On the other hand, the trabecular bone reacts with high energy storage capability that reflects on increases of its length up to an order of magnitude higher than the cortical one (50% vs 2%) [7].…”

“…In general, bone tissue behaves as an anistopic material, characterized by elastic modulus of 18 GPa in case of axial force application, 12 GPa in trasverse load condition and, finally, reacts with only 3.3 GPa to shear stress [7]. In addition, bone mechanical response changes also according to the versus of the sollecitation, showing a compressive strenght that ranges from 12.56 to 16.89 kg/mm 2 , and on a tensile strenght of 10-12 kg/mm 2 [7]. The specific bone mechanical properties are mainly affected by both the inorganic/organic matrix ratio, responsible for hardness and elaticity, and the cortical/trabecular one [7].…”

“…In addition, bone mechanical response changes also according to the versus of the sollecitation, showing a compressive strenght that ranges from 12.56 to 16.89 kg/mm 2 , and on a tensile strenght of 10-12 kg/mm 2 [7]. The specific bone mechanical properties are mainly affected by both the inorganic/organic matrix ratio, responsible for hardness and elaticity, and the cortical/trabecular one [7]. Indeed, despite the similarity in terms of materials and morphological features between the cortical and trabecular bone, the differences in porosity confer them peculiar mechanical properties.…”

“…In particular, while the cortical bone is characterized by high compressive strength , the trabecular bone stregth is one or two order of magnitude less (2 to 12 MPa) [3,7]. On the other hand, the trabecular bone reacts with high energy storage capability that reflects on increases of its length up to an order of magnitude higher than the cortical one (50% vs 2%) [7]. Table 1 summarizes the two the two bone types differences, relevant for bone tissue engineering application.…”

Numerical Simulation of the Posterior Malleolus Fracture with the Finite Element Method

“…Bones consist of two different parts, which are the cortical (hard) bone and trabecular (spongy) bone and show different mechanical properties [16,17]. Additional bone strength is proved to be different for longitudinal and transverse loading.…”