The Thucydides Syndrome: Ebola Déjà Vu? (or Ebola Reemergent?)

Olson, Patrick E.; Hamès, Constant; Benenson, Abram S.; Genovese, Eleonora

doi:10.3201/eid0202.960220

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Greek historian Thucydides, who lived in the years 460-396 B.C., described the illness which occurred in the Athenians and began with a sudden deterioration of health accompanied by fever with severe chills, cough, and reddening of the mouth. Additional symptoms included intense red rash progressing to blisters and ulcers (Olson et al 1996). The disease picture closely corresponds to changes encountered in today's hemorrhagic fevers.…”

Section: Historical Outlinementioning

confidence: 98%

Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease

Woźniak-Kosek

Kosek

Mierzejewski

et al. 2015

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. It is a severe, often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (gorillas and chimpanzees). This article discusses the history of Ebola disease, already known routes of infection together with defining prevention methods and treatment trials. The importance of increasing awareness of the risk of disease among people who do not inhabit endemic regions is emphasized. This risk is associated especially with the increasing popularity of tourism to African countries, even to those where the virus is endemic. The research conducted over the years shows that three species of frugivorous bats are subjected to contamination by Ebola, but the infection is asymptomatic in them. It is believed that the saliva of these mammals and other body fluids may be a potential source of infection for primates and humans. In the laboratory, infection through small-particle aerosols has been demonstrated in primates, and airborne spread among humans is strongly suspected, although it has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. The importance of this route of transmission remains unclear. Poor hygienic conditions can aid the spread of the virus. These observations suggest approaches to the study of routes of transmission to and among humans.

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Section: Historical Outlinementioning

confidence: 98%

Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease

Woźniak-Kosek

Kosek

Mierzejewski

et al. 2015

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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“…In recent years, it has been attributed to diseases as varied as smallpox, typhus, measles, bubonic plague, Ebola virus, influenza combined with toxigenic staphylococci, and Rift Valley fever, among the 30 odd theories advanced over the years. [91][92][93] What is the evidence to support the theory of intentional contamination? Papagrigorakis and his colleagues have scientific evidence to support the involvement of a biological agent in the outbreak.…”

Section: ''Primitive'' Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Biological Weapons Use: What We Know and What We Don't

Carus

2015

Health Security

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This article critically reviews the literature on the history of biological warfare, bioterrorism, and biocrimes. The first serious effort to review this entire history, made in 1969, had numerous limitations. In recent decades, several authors have filled many of the gaps in our understanding of the past use of biological agents (including both pathogens and toxins), making it possible to reconstruct that history with greater fidelity than previously possible. Nevertheless, there are numerous remaining gaps, and closer inspection indicates that some supposed uses of biological weapons never took place or are poorly substantiated. Topics requiring additional research are identified.

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“…Elle a animé ces dernières années les discussions et réflexions de communautés de médecins, microbiologistes, épidémiologistes, paléo-pathologistes, etc., qui ont débattu de l'origine et de l'étiologie de cette maladie. A priori venue d'Éthiopie, cette maladie infectieuse, caractérisée par un syndrome fébrile hémorragique à expression gastrointestinale, pouvait être le typhus ou la grippe ou une fièvre hémorragique virale comme la fièvre de la vallée du Rift ou encore Ébola pour certains auteurs (Olson et al, 1996). Des mortalités animales ont été rapportées à la même période.…”

Section: E X E M P L a I R E A U T E U Runclassified

Émergence de maladies infectieuses

Morand¹,

Figuié²

2016

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Le Code de la propriété intellectuelle interdit la photocopie à usage collectif sans autorisation des ayants droit. Le non-respect de cette disposition met en danger l'édition, notamment scientifique, et est sanctionné pénalement. Toute reproduction, même partielle, du présent ouvrage est interdite sans autorisation du Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20 rue des Grands-Augustins, Paris 6 e. Collection Matière à débattre et décider Agriculture et gaz à effet de serre Dix actions pour réduire les émissions Sylvain Pellerin, Laure Bamière, Lénaïc Pardon, coord. 2015, 200 p. Comment réconcilier agriculture et littoral ? Vers une agroécologie des territoires Chantal Gascuel, Laurent Ruiz, Françoise Vertès, coord. 2015, 152 p. La diversification des cultures Lever les obstacles agronomiques et économiques Jean-Marc Meynard, Antoine Messéan, coord. 2014, 106 p. Réduire les pertes d'azote dans l'élevage Expertise scientifique collective 2014, 168 p. Les variétés végétales tolérantes aux herbicides Un outil de désherbage durable ? Expertise scientifique collective 2014, 160 p.

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The Thucydides Syndrome: Ebola Déjà Vu? (or Ebola Reemergent?)

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease

Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease

The History of Biological Weapons Use: What We Know and What We Don't

Émergence de maladies infectieuses

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