The Use of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds to Enhance Regeneration in the Nervous System

Gnavi, Sara; Barwig, Christina; Freier, Thomas; Haastert‐Talini, Kirsten; Grothe, Claudia; Geuna, Stefano

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420045-6.00001-8

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Applications of CS in tissue engineering is a very actual and evolving topic [10,24]. This biomaterial is attractive not only for the high biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also for the antibacterial properties and the absence of immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitosan crosslinked flat scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration

et al. 2016

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Chitosan (CS) has been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, including peripheral nerve repair, due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, readily availability and antibacterial activity. In this study, CS flat membranes, crosslinked with dibasic sodium phosphate (DSP) alone (CS/DSP) or in association with the γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (CS/GPTMS_DSP), were fabricated with a solvent casting technique. The constituent ratio of crosslinking agents and CS were previously selected to obtain a composite material having both adequate mechanical properties and high biocompatibility.In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that both CS membranes allowed cell survival and proliferation.Moreover, CS/GPTMS_DSP membranes promoted cell adhesion, induced Schwann cell-like morphology and supported neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia explants.Preliminary in vivo tests carried out on both types of nerve scaffolds (CS/DSP and CS/GPTMS_DSP membranes) demonstrated their potential for: (i) protecting, as a membrane, the site of nerve crush or repair by end-to-end surgery and avoiding post-operative nerve adhesion; (ii) bridging, as a conduit, the two nerve stumps after a severe peripheral nerve lesion with substance loss.A 1cm gap on rat median nerve was repaired using CS/DSP and CS/GPTMS_DSP conduits to further investigate their ability to induce nerve regeneration in vivo. CS/GPTMS_DSP tubes resulted to be more fragile during suturing and, along a 12-week post-operative lapse of time, they detached from the distal nerve stump. On the contrary CS/DSP conduits promoted nerve fiber regeneration and functional recovery, leading to an outcome comparable to median nerve repaired by autograft. 4

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CS-based bioengineering scaffolds have been widely used for neural repair in different animal models [10]. CS-based nerve conduits, alone or in combination with other biomaterials, have been found to bridge efficiently peripheral nerve defects [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan crosslinked flat scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration

et al. 2016

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“…A biomimetic approach has been used with success in the development of tubular constructs and is defined by one that mimics the natural composition, shape, or mechanical properties of peripheral nerves, its ECM, and its basal lamina [25][26][27] . Biomaterials used for this purpose include polymers of natural mammalian origin such as collagen from bovine tendon or calf skin 28 .…”

Section: Biomimetic Design Is a Leading Approach In The Development Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Nerve Guidance Conduit-Based Therapeutics for Peripheral Nerve Repair

Lackington

Ryan

O’Brien

2017

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

103

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“…Among the different applications, the use of chitosan as a scaffold for neural repair is receiving growing interest from the scientific community and, in particular, many experimental studies have shown that chitosan-based conduits provide an effective scaffold for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects [1]. Recently, chitosan hollow nerve guides have been approved for clinical use (Reaxon® Nerve Guide) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Enriched Chitosan Conduits

Rochkind¹,

Mandelbaum-Livnat²,

StefaniaRaimondo³

et al. 2017

Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering - Materials, Technologies and Clinical Applications

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The repair of peripheral nerve traumatic lesions still represents a major cause of permanent motor and sensory impairment. In case of substance loss, a nerve guide should be used to bridge the proximal with the distal stump of the severed nerve. The effectiveness of hollow nerve guides is limited by the delay of axonal growth due to the absence of a regeneration substrate inside the conduit. To fasten up nerve regeneration, nerve guides should thus be enriched by a luminal filler. In this study, we investigated, in a 12-mm rat sciatic nerve defect experimental model, the effectiveness of chitosan-based conduits of different acetylation filled either with a hyaluronic acid gel (NVR gel) or with a magnetic fibrin hydrogel, in comparison with traditional autografts. Results showed that all types of artificial nerve conduits led to functional recovery not significantly different from autografts. By contrast, morphological and morphometrical analyses showed that the best results among nerve guides were found in medium degree of acetylation (DAII: ∼5%) chitosan conduits enriched with the NVR gel.

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The Use of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds to Enhance Regeneration in the Nervous System

Cited by 84 publications

References 190 publications

Chitosan crosslinked flat scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration

Chitosan crosslinked flat scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration

Advances in Nerve Guidance Conduit-Based Therapeutics for Peripheral Nerve Repair

Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Using Enriched Chitosan Conduits

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