Theoretical and practical aspects of preparing bipolar membranes

Functionalized biopolymer based bipolar membrane with poly ethylene glycol interfacial layer for improved water splitting

“…Water dissociation occurs at the bipolar junction (IL) between ionexchange layers (CEL and AEL) of BPM and significantly depends on their properties [1,3,11,12]. Strathmann et al proposed multilayers BPMs with very thin IL of insoluble polyelectrolyte complex (poly(4-vinylpyridine) and poly(acrylic acid)) and demonstrated the enhanced catalytic water dissociation [13]. In another approach, water dissociation voltage was reduced by introducing metallic salt (CrCl 3 ) as IL catalyst [14].…”

Electro‐membrane process for the separation of amino acids by iso‐electric focusing

“…Recently, bipolar membrane electodialysis (BMED) processes have been developed for the conversion of salts into corresponding acid and base 22–24. BMED processes have also been found to be suitable and cost effective for recovering organic acid or AAs from their respective salt 25–27. Salt diffusion (co‐ion leakage) through the bipolar membrane in BMED is a serious problem, which affects the purity of the product and enhances the process cost.…”

The Fuel Cell Model of Abiogenesis: A New Approach to Origin-of-Life Simulations

“…In galvanostatic tests where current was applied across a precipitated iron sulfide membrane, the I/V characteristic curves of these Fe/S membranes showed that the electrical resistance across the membrane changed at an inflection point (Figure 7), indicating that the Fe-S precipitate membranes formed in these out-of-equilibrium systems are somewhat bipolar -that is, partially cation-and anion-selective. This is an important property of biological and also electrodialysis membranes (Sakashita et al 1983;Bauer et al 1988;Strathmann et al 1993;Honig and Hengst 1970;Aritomi et al 1996).…”