“There's a Conflict Right There”: Integrating Indigenous Community Values into Commercial Forestry in the Tl'azt'en First Nation

Indigenous Peoples' Expectations for Forestry in New Brunswick: Are Rights Enough?

“…Finding a balance between economic development, governance aspirations, traditional values for the land, and recognition of rights is an ongoing challenge for many First Nations communities (Takeda and Røpke 2010;Wyatt et al 2013). Booth and Skelton (2011) documented the tensions existing in a British Columbian community that sought to reconcile traditional values with roles in commercial forest harvesting. Natcher and Hickey (2009) examined two cases in northern Canada, finding that although rights were recognized by a recent treaty, community members felt that their access to land was being overshadowed by the interests of others.…”

“…Given evolving definitions of rights and changing capacity, interests and expectations of indigenous peoples themselves, treaties should perhaps be seen as a step in a developing relationship, rather than as a ''final'' settlement that clarifies rights once and for all (Tehan et al 2006). But it should not be assumed that indigenous peoples are concerned solely, or even primarily, about exercising their rights: They are also typically interested in a range of other social, economic, and environmental outcomes of forest management (AFNCNB 2010; Stevenson and Webb 2003;Booth and Skelton 2011;Wyatt et al 2013). The importance of indigenous ontologies, of relationships between people and the land, and of traditional knowledge and management systems has been extensively documented, both in Canada (e.g., Berkes 1999) and internationally (e.g., Parotta and Trosper 2011).…”

To log or not to log? How forestry fits with the goals of First Nations in British Columbia

“…Evidence from the US highlights that forestry can support community members through job creation, and income from harvesting may help groups achieve goals of self-governance and self-sufficiency (Trosper 2007). However, other research shows that involvement in the forestry sector can cause conflict as economic, social, cultural, spiritual, and ecological values collide (Booth and Muir 2013;Booth and Skelton 2011). This view is consistent with a critical perspective of development in which scholars see development as a "negative" transformative process, e.g., nature and forests become commodities, traditional value systems are cast as primitive, and indigenous communities must assimilate with the market to enhance their standard of living (Escobar 1995).…”

Valeurs autochtones et modèles forestiers

“…Pour leur part, les groupes autochtones exigent éga-lement que leurs valeurs et leurs droits soient reconnus et respectés dans la gestion forestière (NAFA 2003(NAFA , 2007CRPA 1996). D'autre part, plusieurs chercheurs ont examiné la nature des valeurs autochtones (Booth et skelton 2011 ;Karjala et al 2004 ;o'Flaherty et al 2008) ou des modèles de participation autochtone dans le secteur forestier (McGregor 2006 ;Wyatt et al 2013). il appert de ces nombreuses démarches que respecter les dites « valeurs autochtones » est une intention difficile à mettre en pratique (Booth et skelton 2011).…”

“…Essipiunnuats, il est fort probable qu'ils adopteront un modèle communautaire, avec les avantages et défis pré-sentés précédemment. De plus, la négociation d'une entente finale avec les gouvernements devrait clarifier les titres, les processus de décision et les règlements afin d'éviter une situation où la communauté jouit d'une plus grande influence sur les décisions au quotidien, mais où les gouvernements maintiennent un contrôle sur les ressources forestières (Booth et skelton 2011 ;Hajjar et al 2012 ;Wyatt 2008). (Teitelbaum et Wyatt 2013).…”