Thermal runaway and thermal runaway propagation in batteries: What do we talk about?

Börger, Alexander; Mertens, Jan Cedric; Wenzl, Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.01.012

Cited by 83 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…43,45 At the pack level, the global committee of EVS-GTR and ISO are working together to find solutions to prevent the TR propagation on-board. 77,78 As the capability of existing cells is increasingly and harshly exploited, we should pay more attention to the ''electrochemical abuse'' that lies underneath the mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuses. Designing visionary standards that can predict failure cases in the future requires a conscious awareness of the safe working window for all kinds of LIBs.…”

Section: Proper Test Methods To Evaluate Safety Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Feng

Ren

et al. 2020

Joule

952

377

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This paper summarizes the mitigation strategies for the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. The mitigation strategies function at the material level, cell level, and system level. A time-sequence map with states and flows that describe the evolution of the physical and/or chemical processes has been proposed to interpret the mechanisms, both at the cell level and at the system level. At the cell level, the time-sequence map helps clarify the relationship between thermal runaway and fire. At the system level, the time-sequence map depicts the relationship between the expected thermal runaway propagation and the undesired fire pathway. Mitigation strategies are fulfilled by cutting off a specific transformation flow between the states in the time sequence map. The abuse conditions that may trigger thermal runaway are also summarized for the complete protection of lithium-ion batteries. This perspective provides directions for guaranteeing the safety of lithium-ion batteries for electrical energy storage applications in the future.

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Section: Proper Test Methods To Evaluate Safety Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Feng

Ren

et al. 2020

Joule

952

377

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“…A plan should also be in place in case batteries undergo thermal runaway during testing. A discussion on thermal runaway is out of the scope of this publication and interested readers should refer to [16][17][18][19]. To maximize safety, all cells should be tested in temperature chambers with significant exhaust ventilation to evacuate fumes quickly in case of failure.…”

Section: Test Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To maximize safety, all cells should be tested in temperature chambers with significant exhaust ventilation to evacuate fumes quickly in case of failure. Moreover, temperature should always be monitored as it is an excellent indicator of failure [16][17][18][19]. If cell temperature exceeds 80 • C, all testing should be stopped, and the temperature monitored closely for the next hour.…”

Section: Test Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Commercial Li-ion Battery Testing, Best Practices for Simple and Effective Protocols

Dubarry

Baure

2020

Electronics

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Validation is an integral part of any study dealing with modeling or development of new control algorithms for lithium ion batteries. Without proper validation, the impact of a study could be drastically reduced. In a perfect world, validation should involve testing in deployed systems, but it is often unpractical and costly. As a result, validation is more often conducted on single cells under control laboratory conditions. Laboratory testing is a complex task, and improper implementation could lead to fallacious results. Although common practice in open literature, the protocols used are usually too quickly detailed and important details are left out. This work intends to fully describe, explain, and exemplify a simple step-by-step single apparatus methodology for commercial battery testing in order to facilitate and standardize validation studies.

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“…23 Similarly, at the systems level, sensor fault detection using parameters regressed to circuit models, 24 data-driven approaches that quantify probability of failure accounting for mean-time-between-failures, 25 risk assessment through Failure Mode Effects Analysis or similar methods, 26,27 cloud-based fault diagnostics tools, 28,29 and regression of trends from databanks that span different cell-formats and chemistries, 30 have been investigated. Some of the key challenges in predicting the onset of TR include extremely low frequency of its occurrence in the field; lack of a consistent definition 31 for "Thermal Runaway," resulting in mismatch between lab-scale test results and field events; wide variability in test results; limited set of relevant experimental results to validate and parameterize the models; and significant budget increases for testing with growth in the size and complexity of battery test articles. As a result, pattern identification methods such as machine learning 32 or big data analysis 33 have access to limited size training data sets (e.g., cycle-aging or calendaring degradation data collected over several months and safety data collected over a longer time) to yield sufficient confidence in the results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

Srinivasan

Demirev

Carkhuff

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Approaches for thermal management of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries do not always keep pace with advances in energy storage and power delivering capabilities. Root-cause analysis and empirical evidence indicate that thermal runaway (TR) in cells and cell-tocell thermal propagation are due to adverse changes in physical and chemical characteristics internal to the cell. However, industry widely uses battery management systems (BMS) originally designed for aqueous-based batteries to manage Li-ion batteries. Even the "best" BMS that monitor both voltage and outside-surface temperature of each cell are not capable of preventing TR or TR propagation, because voltage and surface-mounted temperature sensors do not track fast-emerging adverse events inside a cell. Most BMS typically include a few thermistors mounted on select cells to monitor their surface temperature. Technology to track intra-cell changes that are TR precursors is becoming available. Simultaneously, the complex pathways resulting in cell-to-cell TR propagation are being successfully modelled and mapped. Innovative solutions to prevent TR and thermal propagation are being advanced. These include modern BMS for rapid monitoring the internal health of each individual cell and physical as well as chemical methods to reduce the deleterious effects of rapid cell-to-cell heat and material transport in case of TR.

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Thermal runaway and thermal runaway propagation in batteries: What do we talk about?

Cited by 83 publications

References 17 publications

Mitigating Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mitigating Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Perspective on Commercial Li-ion Battery Testing, Best Practices for Simple and Effective Protocols

Review—Thermal Safety Management in Li-Ion Batteries: Current Issues and Perspectives

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