Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

Feng, Xuning; Ouyang, Minggao; Liu, Xiang; Lu, Languang; Xia, Yong; He, Xiangming

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.05.013

Cited by 2,518 publications

(1,240 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Conventional organic liquid electrolytes cooperating with highly reactive Li metal anodes, usually cause severe safety issues owing to the infinite dendritic Li growth, unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase formation, separators failure, and internal short circuits . The flammable liquid electrolytes further exacerbate the safety hazards and result in fires or even explosions . Nonflammable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) as a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes have been intensively studied over decades, due to their great operation safety, comparable high ionic conductivity, and large electrochemical window .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Wang

et al. 2019

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Solid‐state electrolytes have recently attracted significant attention toward safe and high‐energy lithium chemistries. In particular, polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) have shown outstanding mechanical flexibility and manufacturing feasibility. However, their limited ionic conductivity, poor electrochemical stability, and insufficient mechanical strength are yet to be addressed. In this work, a novel CPE supported by Li+‐containing SiO2 nanofibers is developed. The nanofibers are obtained via sol–gel electrospinning, during which lithium sulfate is in situ introduced into the nanofibers. The uniform doping of Li2SO4 in SiO2 nanofibers increases the Li+ conductivity of SiO2, generates mesopores on the surface of SiO2 nanofibers, and improves the wettability between SiO2 and PEO. As a result, the obtained SiO2/Li2SO4/PEO CPE yields high Li+ conductivity (1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C, ≈4.9 times the Li2SO4‐free CPE) and electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the all‐solid‐state LiFePO4‐Li full cell demonstrates stable cycling with high capacities (over 80 mAh g−1, 50 cycles at C/2 at 60 °C). The Li+‐containing mesoporous SiO2 nanofibers show great potential as the filler for CPEs. Similar methods can be used to incorporate Li salts into other filler materials for CPEs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Wang

et al. 2019

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“…As a sharp contrast, 1 m LiDFOB/SL (Movie S1, Supporting Information) and 1 m LiDFOB/SL + 5 wt% TMSP (Figure b; Movie S2, Supporting Information) are hard to be ignited. Accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) technology has been widely used to study the thermal (safety) properties of battery materials, single battery cell and battery pack . Herein, ARC Heat‐Wait‐Search (HWS) mode is used to reveal the superior thermal stability of 1 m LiDFOB/SL + 5 wt% TMSP than 1 m LiPF 6 carbonates‐based electrolyte (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional electrolytes process poor oxidative stability exceeding 4.5 V versus Li/Li + , leading to the undesired formation/deposition of oxidation byproducts on electrode interfaces . Moreover, the carbonate solvents are highly flammable, while the battery safety risks are rising with the improvement of energy density . Therefore, for 5 V‐class LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 /graphite battery, it is necessary to formulate novel electrolytes with excellent electrode compatibility, a wide electrochemical stability window, and nonflammability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Interface of a High‐Voltage (5 V‐Class) Li‐Ion Battery Containing Additive‐Assisted Sulfolane‐Based Electrolyte

Lü

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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Next generation high energy density lithium‐ion batteries have aroused great interests worldwide. Herein, in a high‐voltage (5 V‐class) LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/MCMB (graphitic mesocarbon microbeads) battery system using 1 m lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate/sulfolane, tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSP) additive is added to significantly improve room/high temperature cycling performances. The unchanged X‐ray diffraction patterns suggest the bulk crystal structure of cycled MCMB anode and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode are well preserved. Moreover, soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) taken from bulk sensitive fluorescence‐yield (FY) mode reveals the unchanged bulk electronic structure of cycled LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode. Therefore, it is concluded that only interface instability contributes to capacity fading of full‐cells. However, electrode/electrolyte interface and corresponding interfacial reaction processes are always “enigmatic.” First, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) are used to more accurately decipher the TMSP additive action mechanism in MCMB/electrolyte interfacial reaction processes, by identifying the interfacial solid and gas byproducts, respectively. Then, the crucial role of TMSP additive in modifying cathode/electrolyte interface is revealed by XPS and soft XAS taken from surface sensitive total electron yield (TEY) mode. This paper provides valuable perspectives for formulating novel electrolytes, and for more accurately depicting additive action mechanism in “enigmatic” electrode/electrolyte interfacial reaction processes.

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“…Developing alternative energy sources such as wind, solar, waves, and tidal energy, has minimized fossil fuel consumption and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. To efficiently utilize these intermittent renewable resources, researchers have developed new energy storage technologies, among which the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) is the dominant type used in modern consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs) . Currently available LIBs have high energy densities and excellent longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for Dual‐Carbon Batteries

Jiang

Luo

Zhong³

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Dual‐carbon batteries (DCBs) are a promising candidate for smart grid applications, owing to their low cost, high power capability, and environmentally friendly benefits. As an essential component of DCBs, electrolytes not only act as a medium for ion migration during the running of the battery, but also provide active ions to be intercalated into carbon electrodes, exerting significant impacts on the electrochemical performance and safety of the DCB. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in electrolyte research for DCBs, including conventional liquid electrolytes, highly concentrated electrolytes, and gel polymer electrolytes, with a focus on their stability and compatibility with carbon electrodes. Finally, we present perspectives on the current limitations and future research directions of electrolytes for DCBs. Some recommendations for battery evaluation are also offered.

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Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

Cited by 2,518 publications

References 185 publications

Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Deciphering the Interface of a High‐Voltage (5 V‐Class) Li‐Ion Battery Containing Additive‐Assisted Sulfolane‐Based Electrolyte

Electrolytes for Dual‐Carbon Batteries

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Thermal runaway mechanism of lithium ion battery for electric vehicles: A review

Cited by 2,518 publications

References 185 publications

Li+‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li+ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Li+‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li+ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Deciphering the Interface of a High‐Voltage (5 V‐Class) Li‐Ion Battery Containing Additive‐Assisted Sulfolane‐Based Electrolyte

Electrolytes for Dual‐Carbon Batteries

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Product

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Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte

Li⁺‐Containing, Continuous Silica Nanofibers for High Li⁺ Conductivity in Composite Polymer Electrolyte