Thermodynamic analysis of precipitation behavior of Ti-bearing inclusions in SWRH 92A tire cord steel

Wang, Lu; Xue, Zhengliang; Zhu, Hangyu; Lei, Jialiu

doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102428

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When the temperature continues to drop towards the solidification process, the value of K NbC is decided by the solidification front temperature T s–l , which is expressed by Equation (3) [ 16 ]:

where T l is the cast iron liquidus temperature (1486 K); T s is the cast iron solidus temperature (1422 K); T 0 is the melting point of pure iron (1811 K) and g is solidification fraction. The actual concentration product of Nb and C on the front of molten iron solidification can be expressed by Equation (4):

where f Nb and f C are the activity coefficients of Nb and C, respectively, which can be calculated by the interaction coefficient in Table 2 ; w (Nb) and w (C) are the actual concentrations of Nb and C on the solidification front (mass%).…”

Section: Simulation Calculation Of Niobium Carbide Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Precipitation of Niobium Carbide and Its Influence on the Structure of HT250 for Automobile Wheel Hubs

et al. 2021

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Improving the strength of grey cast iron wheel hubs will improve the safety of automobiles and have a great significance for energy saving and environmental protection. This paper systematically compares the calculation results of Python-based precipitation calculation and JmatPro software simulation with experiments. The results show that with a low mass fraction of niobium (0.098%) cuboid Niobium Carbide (NbC) precipitates do not form in the liquid phase; however, an elongated NbC niobium-rich phase may form during the solidification process and in the solid phase. However, cuboid NbC precipitates can be precipitated from the liquid phase when the niobium mass fraction is higher (0.27%, 0.46%). These results indicate that with the increasing niobium content the amount, particle size, and initial precipitation temperature of niobium carbide precipitated in the matrix structure will increase. According to the observation and statistical analysis of the microstructure, it is found that tensile strength will be improved with an increase in niobium content due to the refinement of the graphite and pearlite interlamellar spacing. In this paper, adding less than 0.32% of Nb to grey cast iron is recommended, considering the comprehensive cost and the effect of niobium in the material structure.

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Section: Simulation Calculation Of Niobium Carbide Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Precipitation of Niobium Carbide and Its Influence on the Structure of HT250 for Automobile Wheel Hubs

et al. 2021

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“…Standard Gibbs free energy change ∆G θ 3 for Equation (3) can be derived from Equations (4)-(7) [8,16],…”

Section: Materials and Equilibrium Solubility Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are the interaction coefficients of Ti and N at 1873 K, which can be calculated by Equations (12) and (13) [7][8][9], respectively:…”

Section: [N]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also has a detrimental effect on the fatigue performance and, as a result, leads to wire breaking during the drawing and stranding processes [7]. It has been reported [8] that the molar ratio of TiC increases with increasing strength of tire core steel, which would cause a more seriously destructive effect. However, the value of x in TiC x N 1-x is still very small [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported [8] that the molar ratio of TiC increases with increasing strength of tire core steel, which would cause a more seriously destructive effect. However, the value of x in TiC x N 1-x is still very small [8]. In other words, the main composition of Ti-bearing inclusion precipitated in tire cord steel is still TiN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

et al. 2019

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Tire cord steel is widely used in the tire production process of the vehicle manufacturing industry due to its excellent strength and toughness. Titanium nitride (TiN) inclusion, existing in tire rod, has a seriously detrimental effect on the fatigue and drawing performances of the tire steel. In order to control its amount and morphology, the precipitation behavior of TiN during solidification in SWRH 92A tire cord steel was analyzed by selected thermodynamic models. The calculated results showed that TiN cannot precipitate in the liquid phase region regardless of the selected models. However, the precipitation of TiN in the mushy zone would occur at the final stage during the solidification process (at solid fractions greater than 0.98) if the LRSM (Lever-rule model was applied for the N and Scheil model for Ti) or Ohnaka models (without considering the effect of carbon on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS)) were adopted. For the Ohnaka model, in the case when the effect of carbon on SDAS was considered, TiN would probably precipitate in the solid phase zone rather than precipitate in the liquid phase region or mushy zone.

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State of the Art in Control of Inclusions and Microalloying Elements in Tire Cord Steel and Saw Wire Steel

Chen

Sun

Chen

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The extremely thin diameter of steel tire cord wire and steel saw wire are about 80 and 50 μm, respectively. It is supposed that this kind of ultrafine steel wire is easy to break due to large and hard nonmetallic inclusions in the steel during the drawing and standing process. This paper reviews the research advances on inclusion and microalloying elements control in tire cord steel and saw wire steel in the past 20 years. Including: 1) calculation of thermodynamics of inclusion formation in quaternary system; 2) effects of alkali metal alloys and its oxides on inclusions; 3) control of Ti-containing inclusion and SiO 2 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 inclusion; 4) effect of rare earth on inclusions in saw wire steel; 5) the behavior of inclusions at the solidification front of liquid steel; 6) the effect of inclusion size and morphology on the fracture behavior of steel wire; 7) ultrasonic technology was used to remove inclusions in cord steel; 8) the effect of C, Cr, Co, Ce and V on microstructure and properties of tire cord steel and saw wire steel. Finally, this paper summarizes twelve key problems that should be studied in the next decade to provide reference for metallurgical workers.

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Thermodynamic analysis of precipitation behavior of Ti-bearing inclusions in SWRH 92A tire cord steel

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

The Precipitation of Niobium Carbide and Its Influence on the Structure of HT250 for Automobile Wheel Hubs

The Precipitation of Niobium Carbide and Its Influence on the Structure of HT250 for Automobile Wheel Hubs

Understanding TiN Precipitation Behavior during Solidification of SWRH 92A Tire Cord Steel by Selected Thermodynamic Models

State of the Art in Control of Inclusions and Microalloying Elements in Tire Cord Steel and Saw Wire Steel

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