Three‐dimensional porous poly(propylene fumarate)‐co‐poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) scaffolds for tissue engineering

Abstract

Three-dimensional structural scaffolds have played an important role in tissue engineering, especially broad applications in areas such as regenerative medicine. We have developed novel biodegradable porous poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PPF-co-PLGA) scaffolds using thermally induced phase separation, and determined the effects of critical parameters such as copolymer concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt %) and the binary solvent ratio of dioxane:water (78/22, 80/20, 82/18 wt/wt %) on the fabrication process. The cloud-point temperatures of PPF-co-PLGA changed in parallel with increasing copolymer concentration, but inversely with increasing dioxane content. The compressive moduli of the scaffolds increased with greater weight composition and dioxane:water ratio. Scaffolds formed using high copolymer concentrations and solvent ratios exhibited preferable biomineralization. All samples showed biodegradation capability in both accelerated solution and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Cell toxicity testing indicated that the scaffolds had good biocompatibility with bone and nerve cells, which adhered well to the scaffolds. Variations in the copolymer concentration and solvent ratio exercised a remarkable influence on morphology, mechanical properties, biomineralization, and biodegradation, but not on the cell viability and adhesion of the cross-linked scaffolds. An 8 to 10 wt % solute concentration and 80/20 to 82/18 wt/wt dioxane:water ratio were the optimum parameters for scaffold fabrication. PPF-co-PLGA scaffolds thus possess several promising prospects for tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2507-2517, 2018.

Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus and Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Synergistically Enhance Cell Proliferation and Osteogenesis on 3D Printed Scaffolds

“…The accelerated biomineralization of functionalized 3D scaffolds was evaluated using a conventional SBF method, according to previous refs. − The SBF solution was prepared by dissolving NaCl (7.996 g), NaHCO 3 (0.350 g), KCl (0.224 g), K 2 HPO 4 ·3H 2 O (0.228 g), MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O (0.305 g), CaCl 2 (0.278 g), Na 2 SO 4 (0.071 g), (CH 2 OH) 3 CNH 2 (6.057 g), and 1 M HCl (40 mL) in DI water, with a final volume of 1 L. The scaffolds were immersed in SBF solution for 7 days to allow for adequate deposition of biominerals on the surface. Biomineralized 3D scaffolds were then washed with DI water, dried, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ATR–FTIR.…”

Repairing whole facial nerve defects with xenogeneic acellular nerve grafts in rhesus monkeys

“…Hence, there is increasing demand for alternative scaffolds. Although synthetic biomaterials, such as chitosan, silicone, polyglycolic acid, and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (Wu et al, 2018;Neubrech et al, 2018;Niimi et al, 2019;Dolkhani et al, 2020), may guide nerve regeneration, it is difficult to direct them to form in the shape of trunk-branches (in terms of stem and branch diameters, lengths, and angles) that resemble the extratemporal facial nerve. Hence, this approach can only be applied for repairing a nerve defect in a single branch model.…”

SDF-1α/OPF/BP Composites Enhance the Migrating and Osteogenic Abilities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF), a synthetic polymer, holds great potential as a drug delivery vehicle as it is biodegradable and can be developed into injectable formulations [20,21]. Through the formation of a cross-linked hydrogel, OPF can act as a scaffolding matrix capable of promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, while also degrade in a predictable way [20,21].…”

“…Oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF), a synthetic polymer, holds great potential as a drug delivery vehicle as it is biodegradable and can be developed into injectable formulations [20,21]. Through the formation of a cross-linked hydrogel, OPF can act as a scaffolding matrix capable of promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, while also degrade in a predictable way [20,21]. Moreover, incorporation of bis(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) phosphate (BP) into OPF also showed improved mineralization and osteoblast precursor cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation [20,22].…”