Time stretching of 102-GHz millimeter waves using novel 1.55 μm polymer electrooptic modulator

Chang, Daniel H.; Erlig, H.; Oh, Min‐Cheol; Zhang, Cheng; Steier, William H.; Dalton, Larry R.; Fetterman, Harold R.

doi:10.1109/68.841278

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Similar electro-optic polymers have been used to increase signal bandwidth due to their intrinsic good velocity match with electrical signals. [14][15][16]28 Therefore, in terms of its operation speed, it is already possible to obtain rates of a few tens of GHz. In order to have a high speed feature, we need to consider a high speed design for the microstrip electrodes, such as electrode width for impedance matching and electrode thickness for reducing conductor losses at high frequency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capability of our materials has already been demonstrated for a period of years implementing high-speed amplitude modulators and phase modulators with low half-wave voltages, a digital optical switch, and more complex devices such as photonic radio frequency phase shifters. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition to generating arbitrary and complex functionality by employing PLC structures, use of the electro-optic polymer OSP permits operation at high speed. Therefore, not only can an electro-optic polymer OSP be used for the same applications as a PLC, but the OSP is well suited for high speed devices and applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides

et al. 2007

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We have investigated an optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides at 1.55 µm. As a result of recent polymer development many new optical devices are becoming available such as optical filters, modulators, switches, multiplexers, etc. It would be useful to have a single optical device, which is reconfigurable, to implement all of these optical devices functions. We call such a device an 'Optical Signal Processor', which will play a similar role as digital signal processors in electrical circuits. We have realized such an optical device using optical-delay-line circuits. Since optical-delay-line circuits are based on the multiple interference of coherent light and can be integrated with enough complexity, they have been utilized for purposes of optical processing such as optical filters. However, the guiding waveguides that were used are passive and the only mechanism used to reconfigure their functions has been thermal. This is slow and cannot be used for high speed applications such as optical modulators and optical packet switches. On the other hand, electro-optic polymers have a very high electro-optic coefficient with a good velocity match between the electrical and optical signals which makes them ideal for efficient, high speed, devices. Therefore, we have investigated delay line optical signal processor circuits using the electro-optic polymer waveguides. These structures are complex enough to generate arbitrary functions and fast enough to obtain high data rates. Using these optical signal processors, we have investigated interesting applications including arbitrary waveform generators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides

et al. 2007

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“…During the past decade, this has motivated the search for high-performance polymers that would enable easier fabrication at low cost in larger integrated systems [2][3][4]. In addition to excellent optical functionality the good mechanical properties along with environmental compatibility can make polymers a cost-effective alternative.…”

Section: %675$and7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of fluorinated hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers for waveguide applications

2002

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%675$&7We report on optical transmission properties and results of optical waveguide characterization of flourinated hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers (details on chemical synthesis were reported recently [1]). The polymers and dendrimers allow the introduction of additional functionality, such as cross-linking and refractive index tuneability. The dendrimers having a similar bulk structure as the hyperbranched polymer were also shown to house lanthanide cations for optical amplifying application. The fluorinated bulk structure results in a low contribution from vibration overtones in the absorption spectra in the NIR/IR region (800 -2200 nm). The refractive index of the fundamental fluorinated hyperbranched polymer was found to be tuneable between ca 1.45 and 1.65 by incorporating various substituents. Optical losses were measured to be below ca 0.5 dB/cm at 1550 nm.Keywords: fluorinated polymer waveguide, hyperbranched polymer, dendrimer, lanthanide cation, optical waveguide ,1752'8&7,21Polymer based materials provide synthetic and processing options that are not available with traditional photonic materials based on glasses, insulators and semiconductors. In addition to excellent optical functionality the good mechanical properties along with environmental compatibility can make polymers a cost-effective alternative. During the past decade, this has motivated the search for high-performance polymers that would enable easier fabrication at low cost in larger integrated systems [2][3][4]. Dendritic macromolecules are highly-branched structures synthesized from AB x -type monomers (where x is two or greater) resulting in a multitude of end-groups that can be used to attach various functional groups. Modifications of the number and type of end-group functionality on dendritic polymers are essential in order to control their solubility, adhesion to various surfaces, self-assembly, chemical recognition, as well as their electronic, electrochemical, optical and luminescence properties. Such modifications have led to abundant potential applications [5], and also mixtures of end-groups are possible to obtain. This allows tailoring of multi-functional photonic materials and this has encouraged us to develop certain fluorinated hyperbranched and dendritic polymer systems [1,6,7] for use at telecommunication wavelengths. Thus, the materials should be highly transparent in the near infrared (NIR), especially at 1310 and 1550 nm. In the NIR, polymer materials exhibit high absorption or high optical losses compared to silica fibers. This drawback can be limited by shifting the high-absorption signal toward longer wavelengths, by replacing hydrogen atoms with heavier atoms such as halogens, especially chlorine, fluorine or deuterium [8]. In addition to low optical loss and control of refractive index, such materials should have good thermal stability (over 200 ºC), good mechanical properties and ease in processing.Metal ions can be incorporated in order to obtain a suitable light amplification function. In laser and optic...

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“…The low permittivity (ε r ≈ 3) and optical index (n ≈ 1.6) reduce the velocity mismatch inside the material, thus providing a bandwidth up to 102 GHz. 1,2 Whereas actually electrooptical polymer properties and stability are lower than lithium niobate ones, the gap between those technologies is decreasing. The first polymer we use in this work is a PGMA backbone, associated with a DR1 side chain chromophore with epoxide cross-linkable function.…”

Section: Input Light Incident Radiofrequency Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooptic microwave antenna using organic poled polymers

et al. 2006

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We propose a new electrooptic antenna design using organic polymer to receive microwave signals. In this paper we present the characterization of an electrooptic organic polymer. We measured the dielectric constant at microwave frequencies, and the electrooptic coefficient. We measured values of r 33 of 3.35 pm/V at 1310 nm and 1.98 pm/V at 1550 nm. The goal of the electrooptic antenna design is to obtain maximum microwave and optical interaction. We propose a novel approach based on resonance effect in both optical and microwave domain. For the optical resonance effect we use a Fabry-Pérot cavity, and a patch structure as microwave resonator.

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Time stretching of 102-GHz millimeter waves using novel 1.55 μm polymer electrooptic modulator

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides

Optical signal processor using electro-optic polymer waveguides

Characterization of fluorinated hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers for waveguide applications

Electrooptic microwave antenna using organic poled polymers

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