Tissue-Specific Distribution of Glutamine Synthetase in Potato Tubers

Pereira, Susana; Pissarra, José; Sunkel, Cláudio E.; Salema, R.

doi:10.1006/anbo.1996.0052

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that, in the Solanaceae species potato and tobacco, GS1 polypeptides accumulate in the phloem companion cells Pereira et al, 1992Pereira et al, , 1996. The in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the transcripts related to Stgs1a are accumulated only in the phloem companion cells of the petiole, in a similar way as its tobacco homologous (Gln 1-5) (Dubois et al, 1996) does.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that GS1 protein is localized in the vascular tissue, in which a high proportion of the protein is concentrated in the phloem companion cells Kamachi et al, 1992b;Pereira et al, 1992Pereira et al, , 1996. Its participation in nitrogen translocation can be assumed due to its localization, but the relative physiological role of different GS1 isozymes remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western blot analysis was performed as described in Pereira et al (1992Pereira et al ( , 1996 with the exception that a 12.5% polyacrylamide gel was used instead of 10%. The bidimensional analysis of the GS-related polypeptides was performed as described in Avila et al (2000Avila et al ( , 2001.…”

Section: Gs Mrna and Protein Accumulation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutamine synthetase of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) plants: cell- and organ-specific expression and differential developmental regulation reveal specific roles in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization

Teixeira¹

2005

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dé siré e) glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) gene expression and polypeptide accumulation patterns were analysed in several organs and at several developmental stages. Three GS genes have been identified, one gene encoding plastidic GS (GS2) and two encoding cytosolic GS (GS1) that are differentially expressed in the plant at cellular and organ levels. Specific developmental regulation of different GS genes was also observed. Potato GS seems to be regulated essentially at transcription and/or RNA stability levels. GS2 polypeptides and mRNAs were detected in leaves and their content decreased as leaves senesced. A similar pattern of expression was observed for the GS1 gene Stgs1a. GS1 transcripts and polypeptides were present in all organs analysed and are the only GS detected in nonphotosynthetic tissues and in the later leaf senescing stages. The increase in GS1 during leaf senescence mainly reflected polypeptide and transcript accumulation of the GS1-encoding gene Stgs1b. In situ hybridization results point to a cell-specific expression of GS1 genes within the vascular bundles, Stgs1b being expressed in the xylem and phloem parenchyma cells, and Stgs1a being expressed only in the phloem companion cells. This pattern of spatial distribution and differential developmental regulation of different GS1 genes differs from what has been previously described for genes of other Solanaceae with a high degree of similarity with the ones described here and suggests that distinct GS1 isozymes have specific and possibly distinct roles within the same organ. These new findings highlight the physiological importance of different GS1 isoenzymes in plant nitrogen metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutamine synthetase of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) plants: cell- and organ-specific expression and differential developmental regulation reveal specific roles in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization

Teixeira¹

2005

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…During the vegetative stage, GS2 is the predominant isozyme in the leaf mesophyll cells, where it assimilates ammonia originating from nitrate reduction and photorespiration (Wallsgrove et al 1987;Tobin and Yamaya 2001). Cytosolic GS has multiple metabolic functions such as assimilating ammonia into glutamine for transport and distribution throughout the plant and immunolocalisation studies in tobacco (Brugière et al 1999), pine (Canovas et al 2007), potato (Pereira et al 1995) and in rice (Sakurai et al 1996;Tabuchi et al 2005) have shown predominant vascular location in different organs. During leaf senescence cytosolic GS fulfils a key function in the assimilation and recycling of ammonia generated from various catabolic processes (Masclaux et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2008

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We present the first cloning and study of glutamine synthetase (GS) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Based on sequence analysis, phylogenetic studies and mapping data, ten GS sequences were classified into four sub-families: GS2 (a, b and c), GS1 (a, b and c), GSr (1 and 2) and GSe (1 and 2). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the wheat GS sub-families together with the GS genes from other monocotyledonous species form four distinct clades. Immunolocalisation studies in leaves, stems and rachis in plants at flowering showed GS protein to be present in parenchyma, phloem companion and perifascicular sheath cells. In situ localisation confirmed that GS1 transcripts were present in the perifascicular sheath cells whilst those for GSr were confined to the vascular cells. Studies of the expression and protein profiles showed that all GS sub-families were differentially expressed in the leaves, peduncle, glumes and roots. Expression of GS genes in leaves was developmentally regulated, with both GS2 and GS1 assimilating or recycling ammonia in leaves during the period of grain development and filling. During leaf senescence the cytosolic isozymes, GS1 and GSr, were the predominant forms, suggesting major roles in assimilating ammonia during the critical phases of remobilisation of nitrogen to the grain. A preliminary analysis of three different wheat genotypes showed that the ratio of leaf GS2 protein to GS1 protein was variable. Use of this genetic variation should inform future efforts to modulate this enzyme for pre-breeding efforts to improve nitrogen use in wheat.

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“…Higher plants have two types of GS -cytosolic (GS1) and plastic (GS2) isoforms -which perform nonoverlapping metabolic functions (Edwards et al, 1990). In diploid plants, GS1 is usually encoded by three to five genes, predominantly expressed in the vascular tissues, and involved in generating glutamine for intercellular N transport (Edwards et al, 1990;Pereira et al, 1995;Sakurai et al, 1996;Brugière et al, 1999;Tabuchi et al, 2005;Canovas et al, 2007;Bernard et al, 2008). GS2 is often encoded by a single gene in diploid species, and is located mainly in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of green tissues (Tingey et al, 1988;Taira et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen‐use‐ and yield‐related traits in bread wheat

Zhao

et al. 2010

New Phytologist

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Summary• Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a key role in the growth, nitrogen (N) use and yield potential of cereal crops. Investigating the haplotype variation of GS genes and its association with agronomic traits may provide useful information for improving wheat N-use efficiency and yield.• We isolated the promoter and coding region sequences of the plastic glutamine synthetase isoform (GS2) genes located on chromosomes 2A, 2B and 2D in bread wheat. By analyzing nucleotide sequence variations of the coding region, two, six and two haplotypes were distinguished for TaGS2-A1 (a and b), TaGS2-B1 (a-f) and TaGS2-D1 (a and b), respectively.• By analyzing the frequency data of different haplotypes and their association with N use and agronomic traits, four major and favorable TaGS2 haplotypes (A1b, B1a, B1b, D1a) were revealed. These favorable haplotypes may confer better seedling growth, better agronomic performance, and improved N uptake during vegetative growth or grain N concentration.• Our data suggest that certain TaGS2 haplotypes may be valuable in breeding wheat varieties with improved agronomic performance and N-use efficiency.

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Tissue-Specific Distribution of Glutamine Synthetase in Potato Tubers

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Glutamine synthetase of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) plants: cell- and organ-specific expression and differential developmental regulation reveal specific roles in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization

Glutamine synthetase of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree) plants: cell- and organ-specific expression and differential developmental regulation reveal specific roles in nitrogen assimilation and mobilization

Gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Haplotype analysis of the genes encoding glutamine synthetase plastic isoforms and their association with nitrogen‐use‐ and yield‐related traits in bread wheat

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