“…2 . In the following sections, several representatives of actively targeted strategies in RA therapy were showed and discussed ( Table 3 ) 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 . Figure 2 Schematic illustration of active targeting delivery strategies.…”
Section: Functional Delivery Strategies In Ra Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shi et al. 84 used a genetic engineering technique to collect TRAIL-expressing cell membranes from human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). The TRAIL-anchored membranes were fused onto hydroxychloroquine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles to block the inflammatory cytokines and actively deliver therapeutic payloads to RA joints.…”
Section: Functional Delivery Strategies In Ra Treatmentmentioning
Increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has remarkably promoted the development of effective therapeutic regimens of RA. Nevertheless, the inadequate response to current therapies in a proportion of patients, the systemic toxicity accompanied by long-term administration or distribution in non-targeted sites and the comprised efficacy caused by undesirable bioavailability, are still unsettled problems lying across the full remission of RA. So far, these existing limitations have inspired comprehensive academic researches on nanomedicines for RA treatment. A variety of versatile nanocarriers with controllable physicochemical properties, tailorable drug release pattern or active targeting ability were fabricated to enhance the drug delivery efficiency in RA treatment. This review aims to provide an up-to-date progress regarding to RA treatment using nanomedicines in the last 5 years and concisely discuss the potential application of several newly emerged therapeutic strategies such as inducing the antigen-specific tolerance, pro-resolving therapy or regulating the immunometabolism for RA treatments.
“…2 . In the following sections, several representatives of actively targeted strategies in RA therapy were showed and discussed ( Table 3 ) 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 . Figure 2 Schematic illustration of active targeting delivery strategies.…”
Section: Functional Delivery Strategies In Ra Treatmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shi et al. 84 used a genetic engineering technique to collect TRAIL-expressing cell membranes from human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). The TRAIL-anchored membranes were fused onto hydroxychloroquine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles to block the inflammatory cytokines and actively deliver therapeutic payloads to RA joints.…”
Section: Functional Delivery Strategies In Ra Treatmentmentioning
Increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has remarkably promoted the development of effective therapeutic regimens of RA. Nevertheless, the inadequate response to current therapies in a proportion of patients, the systemic toxicity accompanied by long-term administration or distribution in non-targeted sites and the comprised efficacy caused by undesirable bioavailability, are still unsettled problems lying across the full remission of RA. So far, these existing limitations have inspired comprehensive academic researches on nanomedicines for RA treatment. A variety of versatile nanocarriers with controllable physicochemical properties, tailorable drug release pattern or active targeting ability were fabricated to enhance the drug delivery efficiency in RA treatment. This review aims to provide an up-to-date progress regarding to RA treatment using nanomedicines in the last 5 years and concisely discuss the potential application of several newly emerged therapeutic strategies such as inducing the antigen-specific tolerance, pro-resolving therapy or regulating the immunometabolism for RA treatments.
“…[43] Shi et al proposed a flexible method to target active pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in RA lesions. [44] Using gene engineering techniques, they coated NPs with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-overexpressing HUVEC cell membrane (TU-NPs). The TU-NPs not only induced the apoptosis of M1 macrophages in RA lesions, but also neutralized cytokines to reduce the inflammatory response, decrease pannus formation, and suppress synovial hyperplasia (Figure 4A-C).…”
Section: Macrophagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scale bar, 200 nm. C) Dynamic light scattering measurements of TU‐V, NPs and TU‐NPs diameter and zeta potential (ζ).Reproduced with permission [ 44 ] Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V. D) Preparation and characterization of PAB and CLT‐PAB NPs according to a schematic. Also seen is the proposed pathway by which CLT‐PAB NPs target SR‐A during rheumatoid arthritis therapy.…”
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the joints and extra-articular organs and poses a significant health care problem in the modern era. Although current standard treatment modalities successfully control RA flares, no curative treatment modality for RA has been developed. Nanomedicines have addressed the drug side effects and limited efficacy of RA treatment. However, synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) can be toxic and induce immune responses in vivo, posing a risk of further RA progression. Biomimetic nanodrug delivery systems have the potential to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic NPs and the stability and targeting of pharmaceuticals in vivo. For many immune-related diseases with a complex pathogenesis and that involve a large number of different cell types, biomimetic nanodelivery systems can reduce the immunogenicity of NPs. Furthermore, some bioinspired strategies can mimic certain components of the pathological process, allowing for a more precise drug delivery and effective disease control via the carriers. This article highlights recent research on biomimetic nanodelivery systems for the treatment of RA and categorizes the design methodologies for various targets and carriers.
“…In recent years, cellular membrane vesicles (MVs)-based therapeutics have been extensively investigated as delivery systems for drugs or imaging contrast agents, as a result of improved tolerability, targeting and circulation, as well as their capacity to communicate with cells via signal transduction and membrane fusion (Shi et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). Rather than an artificial membrane synthesized from fully synthetic components, MVs are best owned natural properties of the source cell membrane in a straight forward manner.…”
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