Transforming XML schemas into OWL ontologies using formal concept analysis

Hacherouf, Mokhtaria; Nait-Bahloul, Safia; Cruz, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s10270-017-0651-4

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Beyond its use as a data storage and exchange format, XML has also been used as a modeling language (Fishwick, 2002; Huang et al , 2005; Cortellessa et al , 2014) and XML schema, in addition to having been used as a general-purpose data modeling formalism (Mani et al , 2001; Yan et al , 2009; Hacherouf et al , 2019), has also been adopted as a metamodeling language in different software engineering contexts (Bordbar and Staikopoulos, 2004; Kensche et al , 2007; Wang et al , 2011). However, design style changes and conversions have not been considered in such works either.…”

Section: Related Work Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of XML schema design styles with StyleVolution

Brahmia

Grandi

Bouaziz

2019

IJWIS

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Purpose Any XML schema definition can be organized according to one of the following design styles: “Russian Doll”, “Salami Slice”, “Venetian Blind” and “Garden of Eden” (with the additional “Bologna” style actually representing absence of style). Conversion from a design style to another can facilitate the reuse and exchange of schema specifications encoded using the XML schema language. Without any computer-aided engineering support, style conversions must be performed very carefully as they are difficult and error-prone operations. The purpose of this paper is to efficiently deal with such XML schema design style conversions. Design/methodology/approach A general approach, named StyleVolution, for automatic management of XML schema design style conversions, is proposed. StyleVolution is equipped with a suite of seven procedures: four for converting a valid XML schema from any other design style to the “Garden of Eden” style, which has been chosen as a normalized XML schema format, and three for converting from the “Garden of Eden” style to any of the other desired design styles. Findings Procedures, algorithms and methods for XML schema design style conversions are presented. The feasibility of the approach has been shown through the encoding (using the XQuery language) and the testing (with the Altova XMLSpy 2019 tool) of a suite of seven ready-to-use procedures. Moreover, four test procedures are provided for checking the conformance of a given input XML schema to a schema design style. Originality/value The proposed approach implements a new technique for efficiently managing XML schema design style conversions, which can be used to make any given XML schema file to conform to a desired design style.

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Section: Related Work Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of XML schema design styles with StyleVolution

Brahmia

Grandi

Bouaziz

2019

IJWIS

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“…Our proposed methodology utilizes ontology development for XML based geospatial data by extending Janus (Bedini et al, 2011) and PIXCO (Pattern Identification for XSD Conversion to OWL) (Hacherouf et al, 2019) Figure 1. OGGD Architecture defines sets of transformation patterns for correspondence rules between XML schema and OWL schema constructs with the OWL2-RL profile (Motik et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First process utilizes XSD schema from XML documents (ifcXML and CityGML) to develop a mathematical model, FS(XS) (Formal Structure of XML Schema) (Hacherouf et al, 2019), for formal modelling of XSD constructs. Further, we also perform the formalization of transformation patterns (Bedini et al, 2011, Hacherouf et al, 2019 using the context of FCA (Formal Concept Analysis) (Ganter, Wille, 1999). The second process identifies patterns for each XSD construction and further, it amends pertinent patterns for the respective constructs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Ontology Generation of Bim and Gis Data

Usmani

Jadidi

Sohn

2020

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Data represented in the form of geospatial context and detailed building information are prominently nurturing infrastructure development and smart city applications. Bringing open-formats from data acquisition level to information engineering accelerates geospatial technologies towards urban sustainability and knowledge-based systems. BIM and GIS technologies are known to excel in this domain. However, fundamental level differences lie among their data-formats, which developed integration methods to bridge the gap between these distinct domains. Several studies have conducted data, process, and application-level integration, considering the significance of collaboration among these information systems. Although integration methods have narrowed the gap of geometric dissimilarity, semantic inconsistency, and information loss yet add constraints towards achieving interoperability. Integration using semantic web technology is more flexible and enables process-level integration without changing data format and structure. However, due to its developing nature and complex BIM-GIS data-formats, most approaches adapted requires human intervention. This paper presents a method, named OGGD (Ontology Generation for Geospatial Data), that implements a formal method for automatic ontology generation from XSD documents using transformation patterns following three extensive processes; first, formalization of XSD elements and transformation patterns; the second process identifies corresponding patterns explicitly, and the last process generates ontology for XSD schema. XSD elements from open-standard data models of BIM and GIS, ifcXML and CityGML, are manipulated and transformed into a semantically rich OWL model. The ontology models created can be applicable for information-based integration systems that will nurture knowledge-discovery and urban applications.

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“…When transforming XML-based information into an ontology, two approaches are most common: in the first approach, mapping rules between elements of the XSD and OWL standards are used to generate an ontology from an XSD file; in the second approach, instead, the generated ontology is populated from XML instances. Hacherouf et al [14] focus on the first approach. They use a set of transformation patterns based on the Janus method [15] to translate an XSD block to an equivalent ontology element.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART: Towards Automated Mapping between Data Specifications

Kalwar¹

2021

International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering

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The ability to perform automated conversions between data conforming to different specifications is a key ingredient to achieve interoperability among heterogeneous systemswhich, in turn, is at the basis of the creation of so-called Systems of Systems. These conversions require the definition of mappings between concepts of separate data specifications, which is typically a hard and time-consuming task. In this paper, we present a technique to automatically suggest mappings to users, based on both linguistic and structural similarities between terms. The approach has been implemented in our prototype tool, SMART (SPRINT Mapping & Annotation Recommendation Tool), and it has been validated through tests carried out using specifications from the transportation domain.

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Transforming XML schemas into OWL ontologies using formal concept analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Conversion of XML schema design styles with StyleVolution

Conversion of XML schema design styles with StyleVolution

Automatic Ontology Generation of Bim and Gis Data

SMART: Towards Automated Mapping between Data Specifications

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