Translation and adaptation of the Phlebitis Scale for the Portuguese population

Abstract

Resumo Resumen R E S E A R C H P A P E R ( O R I G I N A L ) Translation and adaptation of the Phlebitis Scale for the Portuguese populationTradução e adaptação da Phlebitis Scale para a população portuguesa Traducción y adaptación de la Phlebitis Scale para la población portuguesa Luciene Muniz Braga*; Anabela de Sousa Salgueiro-Oliveira**; Maria Adriana Pereira Henriques***; Manuel Alves Rodrigues****; Cláudia Jesus Vidal Rodrigues*****; Sónia Alexandra Graça Pereira******; Pedro Miguel dos Santos Dinis Parreira******* Background: The use of a scale such as the Phlebitis Scale is recommended to assess phlebitis since it allows standardizing the assessment and documenting care effectiveness. Objectives: To translate, adapt, and assess the psychometric properties of the Phlebitis Scale for the Portuguese population. Methodology: Methodological study of translation and assessment of the psychometric properties of the Phlebitis Scale in a nonprobability sample with 110 patients using 526 peripheral venous catheters. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with Varimax rotation in principal components for analyzing the construct validity and internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Results: A 35.5% of phlebitis incidence was observed. The factor analysis revealed 2 levels of severity, with the first grade explaining 41.5% of variance. Internal consistency was .78 and .90. Conclusion:The Escala Portuguesa de Flebite (Portuguese Phlebitis Scale) showed linguistic equivalence to the original and adequate internal consis tency for assessing phlebitis. However, a new scale structure is proposed to improve the interpretation and identification of the grades of phlebitis.

The Betty Neuman model in the care of patients with a peripheral venous catheter

“…Entre esses cuidados destacam-se aqueles relacionados com a inserção, a manutenção e a vigilância do cateter venoso periférico (CVP) para administração de medicamentos endovenosos no doente. Assinala-se também a importância de tais cuidados, dado pretenderem prevenir e identificar precocemente sinais e/ ou sintomas de trauma vascular periférico e outras complicações (Braga et al, 2016;Oliveira & Parreira, 2010). Alguns estudos documentaram que durante o período de internamento em ambiente hospitalar, 68,9% a 86,7% dos doentes têm um ou mais cateteres venosos inseridos (Fernández-Ruiz et al, 2014;Pérez-Granda, Guembe, Rincón, Muñoz, & Bouza, 2014).…”

“…O trauma vascular periférico é consequência da presença de um CVP e/ou da administração de soluções administradas através deste cateter, originando algum tipo de dano (flebite, infiltração, hematoma, dor, infeção, entre outros) em uma ou mais estruturas dos vasos sanguíneos ou nos tecidos próximos (Arreguy- Sena, 2002). Caracteriza-se por sinais e/ ou sintomas de flebite, infiltração, hemato-mas, infeção da corrente sanguínea relacionada com o cateter, bacteriemia, entre outros (Braga et al, 2016;Ho & Cheung, 2012). Além do trauma vascular periférico, outras complicações relacionadas com a inserção e permanência do CVP poderão ocorrer, como a remoção acidental do cateter pelo próprio doente e a obstrução do CVP (Danski, Oliveira, Johann, Pedrolo, & Vayego, 2015).…”

Nursing Practices in Peripheral Venous Catheter: Phlebitis and Patient Safety

“…In order to assist this observation, and standardize and document the signs and symptoms of phlebitis, the use of nurse validated scales is recommended, such as the phlebitis scale of the Infusion Nurses Society and the Portuguese Phlebitis Scale. 29 These scales may also support decision making regarding the removal of a grade 1 PVC, which is when the first signs and symptoms of phlebitis are evident, thus avoiding further progression.…”

Prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis: associated factors

“…The Portuguese version of the Phlebitis Scale was used to determine the presence or absence of phlebitis. According to Braga et al (2016), the Phlebitis Scale is composed of five observation grades of the signs and symptoms of phlebitis: Grade 0 -No symptoms; Grade 1 -Pain at access site or adjacent areas to the catheter during the administration of fluids or medication, OR erythema at access site, with or without pain; Grade 2 -Pain at access site AND edema AND erythema; Grade 3 -Pain at access site AND erythema OR edema, AND redness along the vein, AND palpable venous cord; and Grade 4 -pain at access site WITH erythema AND/OR edema, AND redness along the vein, AND palpable venous cord >2.5 cm in length, AND purulent drainage. All ethical standards and participants' rights were complied with during the study, based on the Declaration of Helsinki and the Oviedo Convention.…”

“…Among other ways, phlebitis may be classified as follows: the most common type is mechanical phlebitis, related to the puncture or improper handling of the catheter or improper gauging of the vein; chemical phlebitis is related to infusion of drugs of extreme pH and osmolarity, or even very rapid infusion; infectious phlebitis is related to catheter contamination at the time of venipuncture, or the colonization of the intravenous therapy system in handling; and post-infusional phlebitis, which refers to the inflammation of a vessel which no longer displays the catheter in situ and which manifests 48 to 96 hours after its removal. Regardless of its etiology, phlebitis should be classified according to grades using the Portuguese version of the Phlebitis Scale, which is an easy-to-use scale with five observation grades (Braga et al, 2016). According to Martins (2008), risk factors for PVC-related infections include the thrombogenicity of the material, extended PVC dwell time, the insertion site, the technique and asepsis during the procedure, professionals' hand hygiene before catheter insertion and/or maintenance, as well as multiple patient-related factors, such as age and comorbidities.…”