“…Furthermore, there are enhancements in design, training, border control, self-service technologies such as check-in and baggage handling, radio frequency identification (RFID), security (Gil et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2015;Negri et al, 2019), and sustainability telepresence systems in order to reduce time for drop-off/ pick-up and improve transportation (Ryley et al, 2013), which can be categorized as both incremental and partially radical innovations. Aside from these, the interconnection of the duty free chain in distinct locations (Ucler & Martin-Domingo, 2015), and smart airport design (Elliott & Radford, 2015) are examples of radical innovation utilizing ICT improvements. As stated before, these studies did not deal with disruptive innovation solely.…”