Triglyceride cracking for biofuel production using a directly synthesised sulphated zirconia catalyst

In‐situ characterization of aqueous‐based hafnium oxide hydroxide sulfate thin films

“…The surface acid properties of sulfated metal oxides are known to drive a wide range of catalytic reactions . In this study, we have characterized the surface chemistry of dehydrated HafSOx surface by performing D 2 O TPD experiments.…”

“…HafSOx also belongs to a group of sulfated early transition‐metal acidic oxides that are well known for their high catalytic activity. Sulfated zirconia, an isoelectronic analog of HafSOx, exhibits exceptional activity in the isomerization of n‐alkanes. The roles of surface acidity, metal oxide composition, and method of preparation in controlling the acid‐catalyzed reaction mechanisms of the isomerization processes are still under investigation.…”

Monomer recovery through advanced pyrolysis of waste high density polyethylene (HDPE)

“…Other acid catalyst have also been proposed for this application [29][30][31] , including sulphated zirconia (SZ, SO 2− 4 − ZrO 2 ) for polystyrene thermal cracking 32 and for thermal decomposition of HDPE and coal mixtures 33 . The latter was selected for this experiments since it is considered an environmentally friendly alternative: i) it does not involve the use of toxic and/or corrosive reagents and ii) it can be directly synthesised via solvent-free methods 34,35 . Limited research has also been done in assessing the viability of SZ for catalytic pyrolysis of pure HDPE streams as a more sustainable option in comparison to other catalysts such as HZSM-5, HUSY, HMOR and silica-alumina catalysts 24,31 .…”

Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Various Oxides and Mesoporous Materials Containing Niobium and Sulfate Ions, in the Etherification Reaction of 2-Naphtol

“…The preparations of these solids were taken from known published methods in the literature [7]- [13].…”

“…The idea behind all these variations of preparation methods was to obtain a wide variety of zirconium catalysts that were either in-situ or post sulfated plus niobium impregnated. [7] 20 g of zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 •8H 2 O) were dissolved in 200 mL of distilled water. Aqueous Ammonia solution (NH 3(aq) 35%) was added drop wise into solution with stirring until the mixture reached a pH value of 9.Then the system was left for 24 h without stirring.…”