Trophic magnification of legacy persistent organic pollutants in an urban terrestrial food web

Fremlin, Kate M.; Elliott, John E.; Green, David J.; Drouillard, Kenneth G.; Harner, Tom; Eng, Anita; Gobas, Frank A.P.C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136746

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…We characterized the trophic positions (TP) for the species groups within this food web using a literature-based trophic position model and stable nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) measurements. Details of these two methods are provided in Fremlin et al The two methods provided comparable trophic position estimates, but we used the trophic positions based on the δ 15 N measurements for the calculations of trophic magnification factors (TMFs). For calculating the trophic positions based on δ 15 N measurements, we used an isotopic enrichment factor of 2.88 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of these two methods are provided in Fremlin et al The two methods provided comparable trophic position estimates, but we used the trophic positions based on the δ 15 N measurements for the calculations of trophic magnification factors (TMFs). For calculating the trophic positions based on δ 15 N measurements, we used an isotopic enrichment factor of 2.88 . The enrichment factor was determined with a linear mixed-effect model comparing the average δ 15 N of each organism to an average δ 15 N of its relevant prey and included sample region as a random effect …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our terrestrial food web included detritivores, primary and secondary consumers, and an apex predator (Figure 1, Table S1). Details of the study design, sampling locations, sampling methods, and the total number of samples collected for each trophic level are provided in the SI of Fremlin et al 16 All biota samples were collected from May to September 2016. Sample sizes of each species monitored in the current study are listed in 15 N and δ 13 C) analyses of all biota samples were performed at the Jań Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory (formerly G.G.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample sizes of each species monitored in the current study are listed in 15 N and δ 13 C) analyses of all biota samples were performed at the Jań Veizer Stable Isotope Laboratory (formerly G.G. Hatch) at the University of Ottawa (Ottawa, ON, Canada), as described in Fremlin et al 16 2.5. Chemical Analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fugacity-Based Trophic Magnification Factors Characterize Bioaccumulation of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web: Importance of Organism Body Temperature and Composition

Fremlin

Elliott

Martin

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Trophic magnification of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) in a terrestrial food web was investigated by measuring concentrations of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) and two reference chemicals within air and biota samples from an avian food web located in a mixed urban–agricultural landscape. Terrestrial trophic magnification factors derived from lipid normalized concentrations (TMFLs) for D5 and D6 were 0.94 (0.17 SE) and 1.1 (0.23 SE) and not statistically different from 1 (p > 0.05); however, the TMFL of D4 was 0.62 (0.11 SE) and statistically less than 1 (p < 0.001). TMFLs of PCB-153 and p,p’-DDE were 5.6 (2.2 SE) and 6.1 (2.8 SE) and statistically greater than 1 (p < 0.001). TMFLs of cVMS in this terrestrial system were similar to those reported in aquatic systems. However, trophic magnification factors derived on a fugacity basis (TMFFs), which recognize differences in body temperature and lipid composition between organisms, were greater than corresponding TMFLs primarily because a temperature-induced thermodynamic biomagnification of hydrophobic chemicals occurs when endothermic organisms consume poikilothermic organisms. Therefore, we recommend that biomagnification studies of food webs including endothermic and poikilothermic organisms incorporate differences in body temperature and tissue composition to accurately characterize the biomagnification potential of chemicals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fugacity-Based Trophic Magnification Factors Characterize Bioaccumulation of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web: Importance of Organism Body Temperature and Composition

Fremlin

Elliott

Martin

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…40) Many kinds of empirical and theoretical models have been developed to estimate the terrestrial bioaccumulation of organic chemicals, including pesticides, using their physico-chemical properties and environmental fate data, as reviewed by Gobas et al 41) The partition coefficient of a pesticide between n-octanol and water (K ow ) or air (K OA ) is the primary factor for determining the AR value, which has been confirmed recently in the trophic magnification (TM) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by stable isotope analysis. 42) The tropic positions (TP) of primary producers, prey, and an apex predator in the Canadian urbanized region were estimated from the fraction of 15 N in each, as determined by MS, and the 15 N isotopic enrichment factor constant. The TM factors were determined from the correlation of TP with the lipid equivalent residue concentrations of POPs in each species.…”

Section: Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity and metabolism of pesticides in birds

Katagi

Fujisawa

2021

J. Pestic. Sci.

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The median lethal dose of pesticide in acute oral toxicity, used as a conservative index in avian risk assessment, varies by the species with differences of less than one order of magnitude, depending on body size, feeding habit, and metabolic enzyme activity. The profiles of pesticide metabolism in birds with characteristic conjugations are basically common to those in mammals, but less information is available on their relevant enzymes. The higher toxicity of some pesticides in birds than in mammals is due to the lower activity of avian metabolic enzymes. The bioaccumulation in birds is limited for very hydrophobic pesticides resistant to metabolic degradation. Several in silico approaches using the descriptors of a pesticide molecule have recently been employed to estimate the profiles of acute oral toxicity and bioaccumulation.

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Continuing Persistence and Biomagnification of DDT and Metabolites in Northern Temperate Fruit Orchard Avian Food Chains

Kesic

Elliott

Fremlin

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane) (DDT) is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used from the late 1940s to the 1970s in fruit orchards in the Okanagan valley, British Columbia, Canada, and in the process, contaminated American robin (Turdus migratorius) food chains with the parent compound and metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene) (p,p′-DDE). In the present study, we examined the biological fate of these DDT-related (DDT-r) compounds at the same sites/region 26 years after a previous study by: (1) collecting soil, earthworms, and American robin eggs from apple, cherry, and pear orchards; (2) characterizing the diet and trophic positions of our biota using stable isotope analyses of δ 13 C and δ 15 N; and (3) estimating fugacity, biota-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), and biomagnification factors (BMFs). Mean p,p′-DDE concentrations (soil: 16.1 µg/g organic carbon-lipid equivalent; earthworms: 96.5 µg/g lipid equivalent; eggs: 568 µg/g lipid equivalent) revealed that contamination is present at elevated levels similar to the 1990s and our average soil DDE:DDT ratio of 1.42 confirmed that DDT is slowly degrading. American robins appeared to feed at similar trophic levels, but on different earthworms as indicated by egg stable isotope values (mean δ 15 N = 8.51‰ ± 0.25; δ 13 C = −26.32‰ ± 0.12). Lumbricidae and Aporrectodea worms shared a roughly similar δ 15 N value; however, Lumbricus terrestris showed a markedly enriched δ 13 C isotope, suggesting differences in organic matter consumption and physiological bioavailability. Biota-soil-accumulation factors and BMFs ranged over several orders of magnitude and were generally >1 and our fugacity analyses suggested that p,p′-DDE is still thermodynamically biomagnifying in American robin food chains. Our results demonstrate that DDT-r in fruit orchards remains bioavailable to free-living terrestrial passerines and may pose a potential toxicological risk.

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Trophic magnification of legacy persistent organic pollutants in an urban terrestrial food web

Cited by 46 publications

References 60 publications

Fugacity-Based Trophic Magnification Factors Characterize Bioaccumulation of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web: Importance of Organism Body Temperature and Composition

Fugacity-Based Trophic Magnification Factors Characterize Bioaccumulation of Cyclic Methyl Siloxanes within an Urban Terrestrial Avian Food Web: Importance of Organism Body Temperature and Composition

Acute toxicity and metabolism of pesticides in birds

Continuing Persistence and Biomagnification of DDT and Metabolites in Northern Temperate Fruit Orchard Avian Food Chains

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