Trust as a Social Reality

Lewis, J. David; Weigert, Andrew J.

doi:10.2307/2578601

Cited by 2,081 publications

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“…The attitude of trust is a way of ''managing uncertainty'' (Becker 1996). In trusting, one acts ''as if'' certain possible states of affairs will not occur (Lewis and Weigert 1985). This is not an escape into some makebelieve world but is based on an assessment of the person or institution that one has to rely on.…”

Section: Trust and Trustworthinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

et al. 2013

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Personalized nutrition has the potential to enhance individual health control. It could be seen as a means to strengthen people's autonomy as they learn more about their personal health risks, and receive dietary advice accordingly. We examine in what sense personalized nutrition strengthens or weakens individual autonomy. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy is analyzed in relation to responsibility and trustworthiness. On a societal level, individualization of health promotion may be accompanied by the attribution of extended individual responsibility for one's health. This constitutes a dilemma of individualization, caused by a conflict between the right to individual freedom and societal interests. The extent to which personalized nutrition strengthens autonomy is consequently influenced by how responsibility for health is allocated to individuals. Ethically adequate allocation of responsibility should focus on prospective responsibility and be differentiated with regard to individual differences concerning the capacity of adults to take responsibility. The impact of personalized nutrition on autonomy also depends on its methodological design. Owing to the complexity of information received, personalized nutrition through genetic testing (PNTGT) is open to misinterpretation and may not facilitate informed choices and autonomy. As new technologies, personalized nutrition and PNTGT are subject to issues of trust. To strengthen autonomy, trust should be approached in terms of trustworthiness. Trustworthiness implies that an organization that develops or introduces personalized nutrition can show that it is competent to deal with both the technical and moral dimensions at stake and that its decisions are motivated by the interests and expectations of the truster.Keywords Personalized nutrition Á Ethics Á Autonomy Á Responsibility Á Trustworthiness This study was conducted on behalf of the Food4Me project.Food4Me is the acronym of the EU FP7 project: ''Personalised nutrition: an integrated analysis of opportunities and challenges''

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Section: Trust and Trustworthinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

et al. 2013

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“…Scientists have distinguished between trust based on the reliability of alters' contributions and trust based on alters' care and support; these two types of trust have been called cognitive and affective trust (Lewis and Weigert, 1985;McAllister, 1995) or competence and companion trust (Newell and Swan, 2000).…”

Section: Information Uncertainty and Ambiguitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Different relationships for coping with ambiguity and uncertainty in organizations

Saint‐Charles

Mongeau

2009

Social Networks

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a b s t r a c tThis study seeks to shed light on the relationship between the situation and the activation of specific relationships. We hypothesized that the type of uncertainty present in a situation would prompt people to call upon different relationships based on different types of trust: cognitive trust for expertise and affective trust for friendship. We elaborated vignettes as name generators to test whether the colleagues called upon in different situations were perceived as being more friends or more experts. The perceived level of expertise and friendship were evaluated with Likert-style scales. The results support our theoretical argument to the effect that the "activation" of a relationship is influenced by the type of uncertainty a person is confronted to. Situations of information uncertainty elicit recourse to relationships based on expertise while ambiguous situations call for friendship.

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“…It facilitates interpersonal understanding, strengthens selfother overlap, and elicits considerate behavior (Williams, 2011). Each of these processes undergirds trust because social bonds (i.e., strong affective ties) form a base for trusting relationships (Lewis & Weigert, 1985;McAllister, 1995, Williams, 2001). These processes also facilitate trust repair.…”

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“…Trust is based on an individual's expectations that others will behave in ways that are helpful or at least not harmful (Gambetta, 1988). These positive expectations, in turn, are based both on people's perceptions of others' trustworthiness-benevolence, integrity, and ability (e.g., see Mayer et al, 1995, andSchoorman, Mayer, 8c Davis, 2007, for review and update)-and on their affective responses to others (e.g., Jones 8c George, 1998; Lewis 8c Weigert, 1985;McAllister, 1995;Williams, 2001). The process of perspective taking strengthens the trustworthiness of perspective takers in three ways: (1) by motivating them to engage in benevolent actions, (2) by fostering goal alignment, and (3) by enabling them to have a positive emotional influence on others.…”

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confidence: 99%

Building and Rebuilding TrustWhy Perspective Taking Matters

Williams¹

2012

Restoring Trust in Organizations and LeadersEnduring Challenges and Emerging Answers

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Abstract[Excerpt] There is growing interest surrounding the function of perspective taking in social interactions and organizational life. In this chapter, I examine the role of perspective taking in trust building and trust repair. Whereas some researchers focus on the ability of perspective taking to elicit sympathy, concern, and cooperative behavior (Batson, Turk, Shaw, & Klein, 1995; Parker, Atkins, & Axtell, 2008; Parker & Axtell, 2001), others focus on the strategic impact of perspective taking (Epley, Caruso, & Bazerman, 2006;Galinsky, Maddux, Gilin & White, 2008;Galinsky & Mussweiler, 2001). I build on both streams of research by examining work that connects perspective taking to trustworthy, cooperative behavior and by delineating how the proactive (or more strategic) aspects of perspective taking can generate and repair trust. Williams, M. (2012) Suggested Citation Building and Rebuilding Trust Why Perspective Taking Matters M I C H E L E W I L L I A M S C o r n e l l U n i v e r s i t y I N T R O D U C T I O NThere is growing interest surrounding the function of perspective taking in social interactions and organizational life. In this chapter, I examine the role of perspective taking in trust building and trust repair. Whereas some researchers focus on the ability of perspective taking to elicit sympathy, concern, and cooperative behavior (Batson, Turk, Shaw, & Klein, 1995; Parker, Atkins, & Axtell, 2008; Parker & Axtell, 2001;), others focus on the strategic impact of perspective taking (Epley, Caruso, & Bazerman, 2006;Galinsky, Maddux, Gilin & White, 2008;Galinsky & Mussweiler, 2001). I build on both streams of research by examining work that connects perspective taking to trustworthy, cooperative behavior and by delineating how the proactive (or more strategic) aspects of perspective taking can generate and repair trust.Perspective taking refers to the process of "imagining another person's thoughts or feeling from that persons point of view" (Davis, 1996;Mead, 1934). Perspective taking not only fosters understanding and caring actions that build social bonds, but also is likely to play a central role in active trust building (Williams, 2007) and trust repair. Although trust building and trust repair involve many of the same processes, I use the term "trust building" to refer to processes that increase trust, from a neutral or positive initial state-one that has not been damaged. In contrast, I use "trust repair" to refer to processes used to increase trust once a preexisting level of trust has been decreased by the actions of one party, the transgressor. Rebuilding trust is more complicated than initial trust building because the victim, who has been harmed, is likely to be concerned about additional harm and predisposed to believe that greater trust in the transgressor is not warranted (Kim, Dirks, 8c Cooper, 2009).Perspective taking may help transgressors and victims take proactive steps to repair trust violations, especially asymmetric trust violations (i.e., violations that are initially e...

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Trust as a Social Reality

Cited by 2,081 publications

References 0 publications

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

Values at stake: autonomy, responsibility, and trustworthiness in relation to genetic testing and personalized nutrition advice

Different relationships for coping with ambiguity and uncertainty in organizations

Building and Rebuilding TrustWhy Perspective Taking Matters

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