Trypanosoma evansi infection and major risk factors for Iranian one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Abstract

is a cosmopolitan protozoan which affects camelids and may cause illness and economic losses. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and geographic distribution of . in Iranian one-humped camels of South East Iran. A total of 369 camels were randomly examined from three parts of southeastern Iran from March to September 2015. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein and examined by using thin blood smear and mercuric chloride test. Ninety-five out of 369 examined camels (25.75%) with clinical signs (15.8%, 58/369) were found to be infected with . The prevalence was significantly higher in camels more than 4 years-old (23.3%) with clinical signs (8.8%) than the other ones. There was no significant difference between the prevalence and sex (6.23% male and 19.51% female). infection was geographically found in all investigated regions with the highest prevalence in North (17.61%). The results indicated that infection was prevalent in Iranian one-humped camels which could be useful finding to lunch control programs in the region.

Seroprevalence and risk factors for Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in Southeastern Algeria

“…No effect of camel age on T. evansi seropositivity was observed in our study. Our finding agrees with some surveys (Boushaki et al 2019 ; Pathak & Khanna 1995 ; Shah et al 2004 ), but differs from those of other research groups who reported increased seroprevalence with increasing age (Atarhouch et al 2003 ; Bogale et al 2012 ; Dia et al 1997 ; Eshetu, Desta & Amare 2013 ; Gutierrez et al 2000 ; Mirshekar, Yakhchali & Shariati-Sharifi 2017 ; Olani et al 2016 ; Tehseen et al 2015 ). In contrast to the above findings, one study in Ethiopia revealed higher infection rates in younger camels than in older adult camels (Lemecha, Lidetu & Hussein 2008 ).…”

“…Worldwide, several authors have reported considerable differences in the seroprevalence of T. evansi in different geographical areas within the same country (Aregawi et al 2015 ; Bogale et al, 2012 ; Delafosse & Doutoum 2004 ; Dia et al 1997 ; Mirshekar et al 2017 ; Olani et al 2016 ; Salah, Robertson & Mohamed 2019 ; Tehseen et al 2015 ). In most cases, these within country differences can be explained by the observed variation in ecological factors (e.g., pastoral camel densities, hottest, most humid and wettest districts in the region) that affect vector densities and therefore infection prevalence (Hagos et al 2009 ).…”

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in camels in the Tianshan Mountains pastoral area in China

“…Parasitic disease is a disease that seriously endangers the development of the camel industry ( 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 ) and that not only impedes the growth and development of camels ( 14 , 17 , 19 ), but is also one of the important reasons for the peak in camel deaths in the spring, resulting in great economic losses ( 15 , 16 , 21 ). What is more, many zoonotic parasites ( 1 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 28 ) could contaminate camel milk ( 18 ) and meat, posing potential threats to food safety and the health of the majority of herders ( 9 , 21 , 22 ).…”

Review on trypanosomiasis and their prevalence in some country on the Red Sea

“…Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease of man and animals, causes by trypanosomes, affecting cattle, buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, cats, and dogs throughout the world (Mirshekar et al, 2019; America, horses are the main hosts, followed by cattle (Dar, 2016). Trypanosoma evansi is one of the most important Trypanosoma spp.…”

“…Animal trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi is called surra in camels and is the most lethal disease of 64 of camels worldwide (Getahun et al, 2020). Surra is a disease of camels (Camelus dromedarius and C. bactrianus) and equids in Africa caused by T. evansi and consider as a definitive host and reservoir in camels (Mirshekar et al, 2019).Trypanosoma evansi is a serious disease that affects camels and horses in tropical and subtropical countries and often reduces productivity and economic losses (Desquesnes et al 2013). Trypanosoma congolense is a major constraint to animal health in sub-Saharan Africa; the treatment of the disease is impaired by the spread of drug resistance (Chitanga et al, 2011).…”