Türkiye’de Kültür Mantarı Sektörünün Durumu ve Geleceğine Bakış

Abstract

Mushroom production that started in 1960's in Turkey gained economic value from the 1990's and it started improving as a commercial sector after that time. While Turkey mushroom production was 80 tons in 1973, it increased up to 45.000 tons in 2014. There is a rapid changes and improvement in cultivated mushroom production and consumption in Turkey. The object of the study is to reveal current status of mushroom production in the world and Turkey, and the problems of the mushroom sector in Turkey and the necessary precautions and ways to solve these problems. The data obtained from the inspections of the mushroom enterprises that in mushroom production regions of Turkey, and the secondary data obtained from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) and Union of Antalya Exporters (AIB) and also national and international publication’ data has been used in this study. In Turkey, Mediterranean and Marmara Regions rank first in mushroom production and consumption with the share of 61.5 and 40%, respectively. It has been determined that big enterprises producing mushroom and compost established in the Central Anatolia in this study. The number of enterprises producing mushroom by using technology increases and 15-20% of the total production are provided by the big enterprises having 2000 m2 and over mushroom production areas. Recent years, there are serious increases in the production of different mushroom species such as especially Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, precision agriculture applications are widespread with the time. For the continuation of growth of the mushroom sector in Turkey and the solving of the sector problems, there are needs both in making the necessary changes in legislation and to be given priority researches related to mushroom production in university and public research institutions and also to support them.

Meşe, Kayın Odunu ve Fındık Kabuğu Atıklardan Lentinus edodes (Şitaki) Mantarı Üretimi

“…Kültürü yapılabilen en popüler üçüncü yenilebilir mantar olarak kabul edilen şitaki mantarının [2] dünyadaki toplam ticari üretimi, 1978-2003 yıllarında on iki kat artmıştır. 1978'de 1.060.000 ton iken 2003'te yaklaşık olarak 14.274.000 ton olmuştur.…”

“…Kültür mantarcılığı birçok ülkede önemli bir endüstri kolu haline gelerek ekonomik önem kazanmıştır. Üretimi yapılan mantar türlerinin sayısı ve miktarı ise her geçen gün artmaktadır [1,2]. Dünyada farklı ülkelerde yaklaşık olarak 35 mantar türünün ticari ve endüstriyel olarak üretimleri yapılmaktadır [3,4].…”

Farklı Kurutma Tekniklerinin Keme Mantarının (Terfezia boudieri Chatin) Özelliklerine Etkileri

“…Ülkemizde mantar üretimi 2004 yılında 15.000 ton iken günümüzde bu rakam yaklaşık üç katına çıkmış ve 41.000 tona ulaşmıştır [5]. Üretilen mantarlar arasında en büyük pay %86 ile Agaricus türü mantarlar oluştururken bunu %10 ile Pleurotus ve %3 ile Lentinula edodes türleri takip etmektedir [6]. Ayrıca kendi doğal ortamında yetişen ve yabani mantar olarak bilinen mantarlar besleyici, farmakolojik ve organoleptik özelliklerinden dolayı kültürü yapılan mantarlara göre daha fazla tercih edilmektedir [7].…”

Evaluation of Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Edible Wild and Cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus

“…They grow on a wide array of forest and agricultural wastes (Adebayo and Oloke, 2017) in tropical and subtropical of certain agricultural and industrial wastes, and low demand on resources and technology (Yildiz et al, 2002). Pleurotus is the second most important cultivated mushroom genus for food purposes throughout the world and Turkey with a share of 27% and 10%, respectively (Royse, 2014;Eren and Pekşen, 2016). In addition, Pleurotus mushrooms are preferred because they are suitable for the organic production (Aksu and Uygur, 2005).…”