Ultrastructural analysis of implant–soft tissue interface on a three dimensional tissue‐engineered oral mucosal model

Chai, Wen Lin; Brook, Ian M.; Emanuelsson, Lena; Palmquist, Anders; Noort, Richard van; Moharamzadeh, Keyvan

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.33245

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[1][2][3]6 Titanium (Ti) has been widely used as abutment material due to its superior corrosion resistance, high strengthto-weight ratio, and biocompatibility. 2,7 Studies have shown evidence of soft tissue attachment to the Ti surfaces, 8,9 which could form a biological seal around the implant. 10 Various Ti surface modifications to optimize the soft tissue attachment on the Ti abutments have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth

Xing

Salou

Taxt-Lamolle

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Connective tissue seal to dental abutment is crucial for peri-implant health. Several efforts have been made previously to optimize abutment surfaces, but no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal surface architecture and/or composition for soft tissue seal. Here, we report on experiments using cathodic polarization in organic acids to optimize titanium (Ti) surfaces for use as abutments. The three main factors affecting surface topography and chemistry were electrolyte composition, current density, and polarization time. Under identical conditions, oxalic acid created rougher surfaces than tartaric acid and acetic acid, and acetic acid produced more surface hydride. Surface hydride amount was suggested to first increase and then decrease with current density from 1 mA/cm(2) to 15 mA/cm(2) . The complexity of the surface topography and hydride production both increased with polarization time. Proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was positively correlated with surface hydride content, suggesting the positive effect of surface hydride on connective tissue growth around dental abutment. Changes in surface topography and hydrophilicity did not significantly influence HGF growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth

Xing

Salou

Taxt-Lamolle

et al. 2013

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…However, it has been suggested that the quality of the BS of peri-implant tissue is weaker than that of the junctional epithelium on the natural teeth [1,5,6]. This could be due to the attachment of the non-keratinized periimplant epithelium (PIE) onto the implant surface via the internal basal lamina, hemidesmosomes [5,7] being limited to the apical region of the PIE [5]. In addition, the orientation of the peri-implant connective tissue collagen fibres, which are mainly in a circular or oblique direction to the implant surface [8,9], forms a weaker barrier compared with the Sharphey's fibres that attach perpendicular to the tooth surface [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have developed and optimized an in vitro threedimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM) for biological evaluation of dental materials and oral healthcare products [16][17][18] and more recently have modified it into a transmucosal implant model for the investigation of the implant -soft tissue interface [7,19]. The threedimensional transmucosal model is a tissue-engineered oral mucosa equivalent (OME) consisting of both epithelium and connective tissue layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biological seal of the implant–soft tissue interface evaluated in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Chai

Brook

Palmquist

et al. 2012

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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For dental implants, it is vital that an initial soft tissue seal is achieved as this helps to stabilize and preserve the peri-implant tissues during the restorative stages following placement. The study of the implant -soft tissue interface is usually undertaken in animal models. We have developed an in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model (3D OMM), which lends itself to the study of the implant -soft tissue interface as it has been shown that cells from the three-dimensional OMM attach onto titanium (Ti) surfaces forming a biological seal (BS). This study compares the quality of the BS achieved using the threedimensional OMM for four types of Ti surfaces: polished, machined, sandblasted and anodized (TiUnite). The BS was evaluated quantitatively by permeability and cell attachment tests. Tritiated water (HTO) was used as the tracing agent for the permeability test. At the end of the permeability test, the Ti discs were removed from the three-dimensional OMM and an Alamar Blue assay was used for the measurement of residual cells attached to the Ti discs. The penetration of the HTO through the BS for the four types of Ti surfaces was not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in the viability of residual cells that attached to the Ti surfaces. The BS of the tissue-engineered oral mucosa around the four types of Ti surface topographies was not significantly different.

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“…It was also shown by TEM examination of ultrathin (electropolished) sections that the cells grew into the irregular and porous surfaces. Furthermore, the evidence of hemidesmosome-like structure formation on titanium surface topographies have been reported [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3D in vitro model enabled examination of the implant–soft tissue interface using several qualitative and quantitative biological endpoints, including basic histology using light microscopy (LM), ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [ 14 ], confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), a soft tissue–implant adhesion test [ 10 ], contour analysis of the implant–soft tissue interface [ 13 ], and measurement of the biological seal of implant–soft tissue interface [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate soft-tissue attachment to different metal, ceramic, and polymer implant surfaces using an inflamed, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-engineered, human oral mucosal model, as well as multiple-endpoint qualitative and quantitative biological approaches. Methods: Normal human oral fibroblasts, OKF6/TERT-2 keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes were cultured, and full-thickness, 3D oral mucosal models were engineered inside tissue culture inserts. Sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) and machined (M) titanium–zirconium alloy (TiZr; commercially known as Roxolid; Institut Straumann AG, Switzerland), ceramic (ZrO2), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) rods (Ø 4 mm × 8 mm) were inserted into the center of tissue-engineered oral mucosa following a Ø 4mm punch biopsy. Inflammation was simulated with addition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha to the culture medium. Implant soft-tissue attachment was assessed using histology, an implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Inflamed, full-thickness, 3D human oral mucosal models with inserted implants were successfully engineered and histologically characterized. The implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay showed higher viability of the tissue that remained attached to the TiZr-SLA surface compared to the other test groups. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). SEM analysis showed evidence of epithelial cell attachment on different implant surfaces. Conclusions: The inflamed, 3D, oral mucosal model has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro test system for visualization and quantification of implant soft-tissue attachment. The results of our study indicate greater soft tissue attachment to TiZr-SLA compared to TiZr-M, ceramic, and PEEK surfaces.

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Ultrastructural analysis of implant–soft tissue interface on a three dimensional tissue‐engineered oral mucosal model

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth

Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth

The biological seal of the implant–soft tissue interface evaluated in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study

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