Understanding Molecular Plant–Nematode Interactions to Develop Alternative Approaches for Nematode Control

Abstract

Developing control measures of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) rank high as they cause big crop losses globally. The growing awareness of numerous unsafe chemical nematicides and the defects found in their alternatives are calling for rational molecular control of the nematodes. This control focuses on using genetically based plant resistance and exploiting molecular mechanisms underlying plant–nematode interactions. Rapid and significant advances in molecular techniques such as high-quality genome sequencing, interfering RNA (RNAi) and gene editing can offer a better grasp of these interactions. Efficient tools and resources emanating from such interactions are highlighted herein while issues in using them are summarized. Their revision clearly indicates the dire need to further upgrade knowledge about the mechanisms involved in host-specific susceptibility/resistance mediated by PPN effectors, resistance genes, or quantitative trait loci to boost their effective and sustainable use in economically important plant species. Therefore, it is suggested herein to employ the impacts of these techniques on a case-by-case basis. This will allow us to track and optimize PPN control according to the actual variables. It would enable us to precisely fix the factors governing the gene functions and expressions and combine them with other PPN control tactics into integrated management.

Vineyard Management and Physicochemical Parameters of Soil Affect Native Trichoderma Populations, Sources of Biocontrol Agents against Phaeoacremonium minimum

“…T. harzianum has been used for protecting vine cuttings ( T. harzianum T39 Trichodex ® ) [ 68 ], and selected strains have been used to avoid the decline in pathogens in nursery grapevine plants using Trichoflow-T™ [ 69 ]. Molecular identification is an important factor in unravelling the great disparity of results in Trichoderma field assays and trying to fix the factors that govern each genotype’s function [ 70 ]. One of the first steps is to reach the strain level because even Trichoderma from the same species present differences [ 71 ].…”

Biological and Physiological Responses of Root-knot Disease Development on Five Cucurbits Exposed to Different Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide

“…Hence, interactions between plants and nematodes could take place practically even before the nematode reached the plant roots [26]. The single-resistance dominant genes from plant interaction related to avirulence (Avr) genes in nematodes created an incompatible association, in contrast to compatible plant-nematode associations that took place in susceptible hosts [27]. This unfavorable association initiated a chain of plant reactions to counter the nematode-defense mechanisms [28].…”

Meloidogyne enterolobii risk to agriculture, its present status and future prospective for management

“…Therefore, developing successful strategies and incorporating them into disease management programs might effectively prevent disease outbreaks, lower disease severity, and boost agricultural output ( Desaeger et al., 2020 ). They can be managed using various methods, such as chemical control, biological control, the adoption of resistant cultivars, and cultural control ( Abd-Elgawad, 2022 ). The researchers usually use a single management strategy at a time to control this virulent nematode, so there is an urgent need to design a study in which different management strategies are applied at a time and also focus on inventing new management strategies.…”