Universality in Three- and Four-Body Bound States of Ultracold Atoms

Pollack, S. E.; Dries, D.; Hulet, Randall G.

doi:10.1126/science.1182840

Cited by 322 publications

(542 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The scattering length has a pole at resonance, corresponding to a two-body bound state exactly at threshold. Signatures of Efimov states were first observed in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms [7] and have since been found in many other systems, including other bosonic gases [8][9][10][11][12][13], three-component fermionic spin mixtures [14][15][16][17], and mixtures of atomic species [18][19][20][21]. Moreover, extensions of the Efimov scenario to universal states of larger clusters [22][23][24] have been demonstrated in experiments [9,25,26], highlighting the general nature of universal few-body physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Three-body parameter for Efimov states inLi6

O’Hara

Grimm

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. A

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. (2014) 'Three-body parameter for E mov states in 6Li. ', Physical review A., 90 (4). 043636.Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.043636Publisher's copyright statement:Reprinted with permission from the American Physical Society: Bo Huang (), Kenneth M. O'Hara, Rudolf Grimm, Jeremy M. Hutson, and Dmitry S. Petrov (2014) 'Three-body parameter for E mov states in 6Li.', Physical review A., 90 (4), 043636. c 2014 by the American Physical Society. Readers may view, browse, and/or download material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modi ed, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or part, without prior written permission from the American Physical Society.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. We present a state-of-the-art reanalysis of experimental results on Efimov resonances in the three-fermion system of 6 Li. We discuss different definitions of the three-body parameter (3BP) for Efimov states and adopt a definition that excludes effects due to deviations from universal scaling for low-lying states. We develop a finite-temperature model for the case of three distinguishable fermions and apply it to the excited-state Efimov resonance to obtain the most accurate determination to date of the 3BP in an atomic three-body system. Our analysis of ground-state Efimov resonances in the same system yields values for the three-body parameter that are consistent with the excited-state result. Recent work has suggested that the reduced 3BP for atomic systems is a near-universal quantity, almost independent of the particular atom involved. However, the value of the 3BP obtained for 6 Li is significantly (∼20%) different from that previously obtained from the excited-state resonance in Cs. The difference between these values poses a challenge for theory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Three-body parameter for Efimov states inLi6

O’Hara

Grimm

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. A

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“…In two of these experiments were also observed deviations from universality [15,16]. Surprisingly, the greatest deviations were observed for large scattering lengths (→ ±∞)-exactly at the region where universality should apply [16]. This requires a theoretical explanation where something should be added in the universal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Universality of Brunnian (N-body Borromean) four- and five-body systems

2010

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We compute binding energies and root-mean-square radii for weakly bound systems of N = 4 and 5 identical bosons. Ground and first excited states of an N -body system appear below the threshold for binding the system with N − 1 particles. Their root-mean-square radii approach constants in the limit of weak binding. Their probability distributions are on average located in nonclassical regions of space which result in universal structures. Radii decrease with increasing particle number. The ground states for more than five particles are probably nonuniversal, whereas excited states may be universal.

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“…They were discovered in nuclear physics [2][3][4] , but have also been discussed in quantum magnets 5 , biophysics of DNA 6 and, most importantly, in ultra-cold atomic gases. In these systems, it has become possible to fine-tune both the sign and the value of the pair interactions through the Feshbach mechanism 7 , from a scattering length a close to zero up to the unitary point |a| ¼ N. In current experiments, Efimov trimers have not been seen directly, but their presence has been traced through the variations of the rate at which the gas loses particles as the interactions are scanned through the unitary region [8][9][10][11] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Efimov-driven phase transitions of the unitary Bose gas

Piatecki

Krauth

2014

Nat Commun

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Initially predicted in nuclear physics, Efimov trimers are bound configurations of three quantum particles that fall apart when any one of them is removed. They open a window into a rich quantum world that has become the focus of intense experimental and theoretical research, as the region of 'unitary' interactions, where Efimov trimers form, is now accessible in cold-atom experiments. Here we use a path-integral Monte Carlo algorithm backed up by theoretical arguments to show that unitary bosons undergo a first-order phase transition from a normal gas to a superfluid Efimov liquid, bound by the same effects as Efimov trimers. A triple point separates these two phases and another superfluid phase, the conventional Bose-Einstein condensate, whose coexistence line with the Efimov liquid ends in a critical point. We discuss the prospects of observing the proposed phase transitions in cold-atom systems.

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Universality in Three- and Four-Body Bound States of Ultracold Atoms

Cited by 322 publications

References 31 publications

Three-body parameter for Efimov states inLi6

Three-body parameter for Efimov states inLi6

Universality of Brunnian (N-body Borromean) four- and five-body systems

Efimov-driven phase transitions of the unitary Bose gas

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