Update on the role of candesartan in the optimal management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk reduction

Okpechi, Ikechi G.; Rayner, Brian

doi:10.2147/ibpc.s9963

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Over the past few decades, reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension has been shown to decrease the risk for cardiovascular accident, chronic renal failure, and the overall morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease [13]. However, first-line antihypertensive monotherapy is effective in reducing blood pressure to the normal range in 60% of patients, leaving the remainder with inadequately controlled hypertension and at continued risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Candesartan Cilexetil and Felodipine

Abib¹,

Duarte²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2011

JBB

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The study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of test formulation of candesartan 16 mg tablet and felodipine extended release 5 mg tablet together in a combination package, comparing with the fasting period intake of commercial formulations of both Atacand® 16 mg tablet and Splendil® extended release 5 mg tablet (Test formulation and reference formulation from AstraZeneca, Brazil) in 36 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized three period crossover design and a one week wash out period. The candesartan and felodipine were analyzed by LC-MS-MS. The mean ratio of parameters C max and AUC 0-t and 90% confidence intervals of correspondents were calculated to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction. Geometric mean of candesartan exposure together in a combination package felodipine individual percent ratio was 102.51% AUC 0-t and 110.40% for C max . The 90% confidence intervals were 90.00 -116.77% and 93.94 -129.74%, respectively. Geometric mean of felodipine exposure together in a combination package candesartan individual percent ratio was 102.69% AUC 0-t and 96.17% for C max . The 90% confidence intervals were 89.46 -117.88% and 82.07 -112.69%, respectively. The major variable in this respect, AUC, was not signicantly affected by felodipine and candesartan with concomitant administration. The Cmax of candesartan was not signicantly affected by co-administration of felodipine. Based on these data and in presence in the market of isolated candersatana and felodipino formularizations used in combination in medical practice, it is concluded that there are no risk with concomitant administration between felodipine and candesartan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Candesartan Cilexetil and Felodipine

Abib¹,

Duarte²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2011

JBB

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“…Candesartan is an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) that is mainly used for the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure [3]. Candesartan cilexetil is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite Candesartan during its absorption (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (Candesartan) and Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor (Enalapril) Combined with Glimepiride on Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetic Rats (NIDDM)

Al-Badri

Mallah

Zakarya

et al. 2020

JPRI

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Background: Antihypertensive agents like Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Blockers (ARBs) are commonly indicated for patients with both hypertension and diabetes. However, the effect of these agents on blood sugar level or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is still controversial. This study aims at investigating the short, and long term effects of ACEIs and ARBs on blood sugar level and HbA1c of a group of streptozocin (STZ)-induced NIDDM rats when given in combination with Glimepiride (antidiabetic drug from Sulfonylureas group). Methods: Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in 100 Wistar albino adult male and female laboratory rats above 8 weeks old, and weigh between 250-300 gm by the administration of Streptozocin 75% α-anomer. Two weeks later, the 100 rats were then randomized into four groups (25 rats each). Group one was the untreated control group (received placebo only), while other groups (II, III, and IV) were treated by Glimepiride only, Glimepiride plus ARB (Candesartan), and Glimepiride plus ACEI (Enalapril) respectively. HbA1C levels were measured at baseline (pre-test/directly after randomization) to ensure that there was no significant difference between study groups at the baseline, post-test (after two weeks), and delayed-post-test (12 weeks after randomization/ 10 weeks after post-test) to measure short and long-term changes in the study groups. Results: There was no significant difference (p-values >0.05) between the four groups (groups I, II, III, and IV) in the HbA1C mean level at the beginning of this study (two-weeks after randomization and injection of STZ) (mean = 7.62 ±SD = 0.41, 7.72 ±SD = 0.48, 7.66 ±SD = 0.47, and 7.52 ±SD = 0.51respectively). However, two weeks later, treated groups (groups II, III, and IV) showed moderate reduction of HbA1C mean level compared to the untreated (placebo) group I, that was significant in groups III, and IV, and insignificant in group II (mean =7.43±SD 0.54, 6.97±SD 0.33, 6.72±SD 0.26, and 7.71 ±SD 0.44 respectively). Furthermore, treated groups (groups II, III, and IV) showed significant dramatic reduction of HbA1C mean level when compared to the untreated group (group I) (mean = 6.22 ±SD 0.51, 5.24 ±SD 0.62, 5.22 ±SD 0.13, and 7.62 ±SD 0.42 respectively).Overall, treated groups showed significantly lower HbA1C level than placebo groups. Moreover, Glimepiride + Enalapril combination showed a stronger hypoglycemic effect than the Glimepiride + Candesartan combination at post, and post-delayed tests, however, these differences were not significant. Conclusion: The addition of either ACEIs like Enalapril, or ARBs like Candesartan to Sulfonylureas like Glimepiride to in NIDDM patients will synergize its anti-diabetic effect in NIDDM subjects, and might increase the possibility of hypoglycemia. Caution and/or dose adjustment should be considered upon using these agents together in patients with hypertension along with diabetes.

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Modern possibilities of hypertension drug therapy. Candesartan and its place in the therapy

Барбараш¹,

Кашталап²

2013

System. Hyper.

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Arterial hypertension (AH) remains the one of the major cardiovascular diseases in the adult population and a major factor in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Drug therapy of hypertension leads to a reduction of cardiovascular risk by affecting blood pressure. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in the formation of hypertension, as the drug blockade of its components can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. The principal means of blocking the RAAS are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists II (ARA II, sartans). Both classes of drugs have shown their high antihypertensive efficacy, with the ARA II having almost perfect portability. Recently, however, sartans’independent rolein the treatment of hypertension has been questioned. Date overview of the evidence base of sartans with a focus on modern antihypertensive drug called candesartan cilexetil was the following work’s objective.

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Update on the role of candesartan in the optimal management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk reduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Candesartan Cilexetil and Felodipine

Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Candesartan Cilexetil and Felodipine

Influence of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (Candesartan) and Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor (Enalapril) Combined with Glimepiride on Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetic Rats (NIDDM)

Modern possibilities of hypertension drug therapy. Candesartan and its place in the therapy

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