Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro

Panariello, Beatriz Helena Dias; Kindler, Justin K; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Ehrlich, Ygal; Eckert, George J.; Duarte, Simone

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87922-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Covering teeth apical foramina with epoxy resin was used to mimic a closed apical system in vivo preventing extrusion of debris and irrigant from the canal as apical vapor lock situation [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files

2022

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Introduction Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most commonly isolated bacterium from infected root canals. It is found in the form of a biofilm, which makes it more resistant to antimicrobials, and requires optimal chemomechanical strategies to maximize root canal disinfection. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of 4 different endodontic file systems against E. faecalis biofilm growth in root canals using colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methods Eighty-five extracted human mandibular premolars with straight root canals and apical diameters not larger than the #15 K-file were randomly selected. After performing a pilot study (n = 15) to determine the ideal incubation period for E. faecalis biofilm development, sixty-five root canals were infected with E. faecalis, incubated for 3 weeks, and then mechanically prepared using one of four single files (XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex EDM, One Curve, and Fanta. AFTM F One) (n = 15). Five infected root canals were excluded for the positive control. Five non-contaminated root canals were included for the negative control. Samples were collected using sterile paper points pre- and post-instrumentation to determine the bacterial load (CFU/mL). Root canals from each group were topographically evaluated at the coronal, middle, and apical segments using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bacterial reduction data were estimated and statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (post hoc test) (P ≤ .05). Results XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex DEM, and One Curve significantly could eradicate E. faecalis biofilms in infected root canals with no significant difference among them compared to Fanta. AF™ F One. Conclusion None of the systems were capable of completely eliminating biofilms. XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex EDM, and One Curve mechanically eliminated E. faecalis biofilms compared to Fanta. AF™ F One from infected root canals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files

2022

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“…Vortexing for 5 min and sonicated for 30 s was strictly done for each sample to ensure the Biofilm detachment [19,20 ] before culturing and diluting the sample. The sample was transferred to be cultured using the paper point as it can extend to the apical portion of the root, thus ensuring sampling along the entire canal surface and length [21]; furthermore, in comparing the two main groups at 3 and 7 days. The mean of B. sacra in the 3 days subgroup was 6.11, reduced to 1.92.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of depth of penetration and antibiofilm properties of Boswellia sacra compared with calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament (in vitro study)

et al. 2022

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Successful endodontic treatment requires advanced materials to eliminate biofilm This study aims to assess the penetration depth and the effectiveness of Boswellia sacra as a novel intracanal medicament compared with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. 60 single‐rooted teeth were decoronated, prepared and sterilised. Fifty teeth were contaminated with a culture of E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 21 days. Two teeth were used to confirm the biofilm using scanning electron microscope. For colony‐forming unit (CFU), 40 samples were divided into one control group (calcium hydroxide) and the other experimental group (B. sacra). Each group was divided into two subgroups to be tested at 3 and 7 days. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of B. sacra was determined, and the B. sacra's ethanolic extract medicament was prepared. Eight discs divided into groups similar to CFU were used to evaluate live/dead bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ten teeth were selected for penetration depth using CLSM. The intracanal medicaments were mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. were inserted into the root canals 0.2 slices were dissected and viewed under CLSM. The MIC of B. sacra was 1.25 mg/ml. The CFU evaluation proved that B. sacra are more effective than calcium hydroxide in the 3 days groups. However, it was statistically insignificant compared with calcium hydroxide after 7 days. The depth of penetration of B. sacra exceeds that of calcium hydroxide. B. sacra is an effective intracanal medicament.

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“…However, research regarding the effect of electromagnetic energy as an endodontic irrigation solution is limited. Recently, Panariello et al suggested that electromagnetic energy has an antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis, but they only showed the synergistic effect in combination with saline, not NaOCl 21) . Therefore, there has been no research demonstrating the synergistic effect of electrical energy with NaOCl against endodonticallyrelated biofilms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilms

LEE,

KIM,

MIN

2023

Dent. Mater. J.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of electrical energy and its synergistic activity with graphene oxide (GO) in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms. The viability of E. faecalis biofilms was analyzed by colony-forming units, crystal violet staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The morphologies of the biofilms and the bacterial organelles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission emission microscopy (TEM), respectively. Application of electrical energy combined with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on E. faecalis in biofilms significantly decreased the bacterial viability and biofilm biomass compared to the 0.2% NaOCl-only-treated group. Furthermore, additional application of GO showed similar antibacterial effects to 0.5% NaOCl. Notably, TEM observation revealed that the bacteria treated with electric energy and GO showed damaged cell membranes. The results suggest that combination of electrical energy and GO enhances antibacterial activity of NaOCl and has the potential to be applied to root canal irrigation protocols.

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Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files

Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files

Assessment of depth of penetration and antibiofilm properties of Boswellia sacra compared with calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament (in vitro study)

Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilms

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