Use of Slow-Release Injectable Moxidectin for Treatment of Dirofilaria immitis Infection During Pregnancy

Alberigi, Bruno; Souza, Celeste da Silva Freitas de; Fernandes, Júlio Israel; Merlo, Alexandre; Labarthe, Norma

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00440

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The remaining clinical signs indicated the need for therapeutic adjustment; therefore, doxycycline was the antibiotic of choice. Although doxycycline must be used with caution in growing animals and pregnant bitches ( Owen, 1963 ; Rebuelto & Loza, 2010 ), side effects has been not been reported ( Alberigi et al 2020 ). Since doxycycline is recommended to be administered at 4 weeks of age or older in the treatment of respiratory tract disease in dogs ( Lappin et al, 2017 ), the age of the patient in this case was not an issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary atelectasis in a young dog with Cor pulmonale: clinical and radiographic follow-up

et al. 2022

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Pulmonary atelectasis is a disease characterized by the collapse of the pulmonary alveoli, leading to partial or total loss of function in the affected lung, and is mostly described in older dogs. It occurs due to chronic inflammatory and obstructive processes such as pneumonia. In infants who do not feed directly from the mother, it is common to develop aspiration pneumonia due to inhalation of a milk replacer. Once aspirated, food generates an inflammatory process in the airway that alters the function of the pulmonary surfactant, increases mucus production, and causes consequent airway obstruction, which may progress to alveolar and bronchial collapse. The aim of the present study was to report a case of a 4-month-old canine with pulmonary atelectasis secondary to bronchopneumonia and the outcome of the clinical case. The patient presented with cough, exercise intolerance, tachypnea, and progressive weight loss. Thoracic radiographic examination was performed to identify displacement of the mediastinum and heart overlapping the collapsed lung, interstitial-alveolar pattern associated with atelectasis of the middle lobe of the right lung, and a diffuse interstitial bronchial pattern throughout the other lung fields. Pulmonary support treatment was administered with antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, and inhaled corticosteroids, with resolution of clinical and radiographic symptoms after 60 days of treatment. Therefore, adequate treatment of chronic bronchopneumonia is effective in resolving pulmonary atelectasis and its associated clinical complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary atelectasis in a young dog with Cor pulmonale: clinical and radiographic follow-up

et al. 2022

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“…Esse comportamento é um achado característico de machos, e serve como diferenciação sexual (Romero-Rodríguez et al, 2019). Essa informação reflete diretamente na necessidade de confirmação do teste específico, uma vez que se a carga parasitária for baixa e na presença apenas de machos, pode haver pouca sensibilidade do teste (Alberigi et al, 2020).…”

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“…Diante da confirmação, o tratamento foi iniciado, fazendo-se uso de omeprazol, como forma de proteção da mucosa gástrica, antibiótico à base doxiciclina, preconizado para o método "slow-kill", sem ter grande impacto para possibilidade de eventos tromboembólicos (Alberigi et al, 2020). Ainda, o uso da lactona instituído, foi realizado com objetivo de controle da microfilaremia, impedindo o início de novos ciclos e a possibilidade de disseminação para outros animais, por meio do repasto sanguíneo do vetor (Labarthe et al, 2015).…”

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Gusano del corazón ectópico en un paciente canino asintomático: Reporte de caso

Pereira¹,

Rubim²,

Lemos³

et al. 2021

Pubvet

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A dirofilariose é uma doença parasitária decorrente da infecção provocada pelo nematódeo Dirofilaria immitis, transmitida por meio da inoculação de formas larvais de terceiro estágio, após picada de culicídeos vetores. É comum em cães e menos frequente em gatos, mas também afeta outros hospedeiros, como carnívoros selvagens e humanos. Sua distribuição tem importância de caráter mundial. No Brasil, a dirofilariose canina é endêmica e estima-se que a prevalência nacional esteja em torno de 23,1%, com sua transmissão ocorrendo principalmente em cidades litorâneas e de clima quente, onde existe maior probabilidade do desenvolvimento dos vetores. A gravidade da doença pode ser decorrente da cronicidade dessa infecção e pela quantidade de parasitos no lúmen vascular, decorrendo em lesões em nível endotelial e formações de trombos. Quando o animal já se encontra em estágio mais avançado da doença, ele pode apresentar síndrome da veia cava, que é comumente fatal por conta do acúmulo de parasitos adultos que se deslocam das artérias pulmonares e invadem ventrículo e átrio direito, podendo chegar na desembocadura da veia cava, evoluindo desta forma, para um processo de congestão do sistema venoso. Nos casos de grandes infestações e nos casos em que o animal apresente intolerância a exercícios físicos, não se deve forçar atividade, pois isso pode estimular a translocação dos parasitas, levando a um processo obstrutivo embólico. Casos de ciclos erráticos são pouco reportados, e quando ocorrem, acometem animais com alta taxa de infestação. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso clínico de um paciente assintomático, com manifestação errática da doença, percebida em cavidade abdominal após a realização de procedimento cirúrgico de ovariohisterectomia. Foram realizados alguns exames, após a detecção do verme adulto no procedimento cirúrgico, para avaliar o estadiamento da doença. Contudo, os mesmos não apresentaram alterações significantes. Foi iniciado protocolo de tratamento, utilizando a doxiciclina como base para o controle da bactéria simbionte para o nematódeo, a Wolbachia spp. associada à lactona macrocíclica (moxidectina), como forma de controle da microfilaremia. O paciente continua em observação, sem manifestação de sinais clínicos.

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“…In a study of the efficacy and safety of the extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension administered every six months with a 30-day course of doxycycline in a female dog rescued from the streets, microfilariae were not detected when the dog was presented for the second moxidectin treatment on day 180 [ 26 ]. The speed of elimination of microfilariae observed in the present study is comparable to results reported for monthly administration of topical moxidectin/imidacloprid and 30 days with oral doxycycline [ 4 , 10 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of semi-annual therapy of an extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension and oral doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs

et al. 2020

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Background Dirofilaria immitis is a life-threatening nematode spreading globally. Arsenical treatment is currently recommended for removal of adult worms. However, arsenical treatment is not available in some countries, and there are dogs that cannot tolerate the rapid kill of adult worms; therefore, alternative adulticide slow-kill treatments are needed. Criticisms against the use of these alternative protocols include the potential for allowing disease to progress and for the development of ML-resistant worms. Methods The efficacy of a protocol that includes semi-annual doses (i.e. every 6 months) of commercially available extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension (ProHeart® SR-12) with 30-day oral administration of doxycycline was studied in 20 dogs with naturally occurring D. immitis infections. Each dog received treatment with ProHeart® SR-12 (0.5 mg moxidectin/kg) by subcutaneous injection and oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg/bid × 30 days) every 6 months until two consecutive negative antigen test results were obtained. Pulmonary and cardiac evaluations were performed by radiographic and echocardiographic parameters. Physical examinations, complete blood counts, clinical chemistry profiles, microfilariae and antigen tests were performed periodically. Results At enrollment, all dogs were positive for D. immitis antigen and 18 were microfilaremic. On day 30, microfilaremia counts decreased, and all dogs became amicrofilaremic by day 150. On day 180, 11 dogs were antigen-negative, and 7 more became negative by day 360. The two remaining antigen-positive dogs converted to negative by day 540 or 810. All antigen tests performed 180 days after the first negative test were negative. There was no decline in cardiac performance of the dogs throughout the study. Overall, pulmonary clinical conditions, presence of worms by echocardiography, and enlargement of caudal and main pulmonary arteries improved after treatment. Physical examinations, complete blood count results, and clinical chemistry profiles were within normal reference values. Respiratory conditions were improved, no damage to the heart was observed, and the treatment protocol was well tolerated by the animals. Conclusions This alternative adulticide treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in naturally infected dogs. The injectable formulation provides the advantage of having veterinarians able to administer, monitor, and assess the efficacy and condition of the dog throughout the treatment and post-treatment periods.

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Use of Slow-Release Injectable Moxidectin for Treatment of Dirofilaria immitis Infection During Pregnancy

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Pulmonary atelectasis in a young dog with Cor pulmonale: clinical and radiographic follow-up

Pulmonary atelectasis in a young dog with Cor pulmonale: clinical and radiographic follow-up

Gusano del corazón ectópico en un paciente canino asintomático: Reporte de caso

Efficacy of semi-annual therapy of an extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension and oral doxycycline in Dirofilaria immitis naturally infected dogs

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