USGS Spectral Library Version 7

Kokaly, Raymond F.; Clark, R. N.; Swayze, Gregg A.; Livo, Keith E.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Pearson, N.; Wise, R.; Benzel, William M.; Lowers, Heather A.; Driscoll, Rhonda L.; Klein, A

doi:10.3133/ds1035

Cited by 526 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

413

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…High concentrations of Cu and Pb may contribute to the reduced visible reflectance measured in site 5 spectra (i.e., if bonded to sulfur, see galena spectra Kokaly et al . []). We note that specific elements are likely present on snow in mineralogic grains, salts, or molecular compounds; hence, specific absorption features are difficult to discern with this first step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Remote sensing of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs), or dark colored impurities, such as black carbon (BC) and dust on snow, is a key remaining challenge in cryospheric surface characterization and application to snow, ice, and climate models. We present a quantitative data set of in situ snow reflectance, measured and modeled albedo, and BC and trace element concentrations from clean to heavily fossil fuel emission contaminated snow near South Pole, Antarctica. Over 380 snow reflectance spectra (350–2500 nm) and 28 surface snow samples were collected at seven distinct sites in the austral summer season of 2014–2015. Snow samples were analyzed for BC concentration via a single particle soot photometer and for trace element concentration via an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Snow impurity concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 7000 part per billion (ppb) BC, 9.5 to 1200 ppb sulfur, 0.19 to 660 ppb iron, 0.013 to 1.9 ppb chromium, 0.13 to 120 ppb copper, 0.63 to 6.3 ppb zinc, 0.45 to 82 parts per trillion (ppt) arsenic, 0.0028 to 6.1 ppb cadmium, 0.062 to 22 ppb barium, and 0.0044 to 6.2 ppb lead. Broadband visible to shortwave infrared albedo ranged from 0.85 in pristine snow to 0.62 in contaminated snow. LAP radiative forcing, the enhanced surface absorption due to BC and trace elements, spanned from <1 W m−2 for clean snow to ~70 W m−2 for snow with high BC and trace element content. Measured snow reflectance differed from modeled snow albedo due to specific impurity‐dependent absorption features, which we recommend be further studied and improved in snow albedo models.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reflectance spectra of woody components (tree stem or pieces of bark) measured in a laboratory for Picea, Larix, Abies, and Cryptomeria genera. The data represent mean spectra for each species, and they were obtained from three public databases [42,44,73]. Extremely noisy regions were removed before plotting the spectra.…”

Section: Spectral Properties Of Woody Partsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Properties of Coniferous Forests: A Review of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements

Rautiainen

Lukeš²,

Homolová³

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Coniferous species are present in almost all major vegetation biomes on Earth, though they are the most abundant in the northern hemisphere, where they form the northern tree and forest lines close to the Arctic Circle. Monitoring coniferous forests with satellite and airborne remote sensing is active, due to the forests' great ecological and economic importance. We review the current understanding of spectral behavior of different components forming coniferous forests. We look at the spatial, directional, and seasonal variations in needle, shoot, woody element, and understory spectra in coniferous forests, based on measurements. Through selected case studies, we also demonstrate how coniferous canopy spectra vary at different spatial scales, and in different viewing angles and seasons. Finally, we provide a synthesis of gaps in the current knowledge on spectra of elements forming coniferous forests that could also serve as a recommendation for planning scientific efforts in the future.

show abstract

“…Remote sensing scientists commonly describe this family of minerals as “hydrated silica,” a term that points to their aqueous formation history and refers to trace interstitial water and hydroxyl groups trapped in their crystalline structure (e.g., Flörke et al, ; Graetsch et al, ; Smith & Bandfield, ; Smith et al, ). Research has shown that rocks with hydrated silica mineralogy have unique spectral characteristics that enable them to be discriminated in aerial and satellite hyperspectral imagery (Kokaly et al, ; Livo, Kruse, Clark, Kokaly, & Shanks, ; Milliken et al, ; Smith & Bandfield, ; Smith et al, ; Swayze et al, ; Vaughan, Hook, Calvin, & Taranik, ). Thus, since hydrated silica is involved in the formation and underlying mineral structure of silcrete, hyperspectral remote sensing may be useful for mapping the distribution, context, and abundance of silcrete, and/or related silicified rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflecting on siliceous rocks in central Australia: Using advanced remote sensing to map ancient “tool‐stone” resources

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HyMap™ airborne hyperspectral imagery was used to discriminate and map hydrated silica mineralization in the Dalhousie Springs area of central Australia. A spectral feature fitting algorithm was used to match laboratory reference spectra with image pixel spectra, producing a scaled goodness‐of‐fit raster map of silicified “tool‐stone” sources in our study area. Subsequent fieldwork indicated that the algorithm mapped silcrete, a rock composed of hydrated silica, and incidentally, the most frequently utilized raw material for stone artifact manufacture in this area of the Australian arid zone. The soundness of our hydrated silica mineralization map is supported with field observations and spectroscopic analysis of collected silcrete samples. Independent siliceous rock mapping produced by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization offers additional corroboration of our results. Based on the success of our approach, we suggest that archaeologists working in Australia and in similar arid environments elsewhere have much to benefit in using advanced remote sensing products to map lithic resources, including time and cost‐saving advantages for field logistics, enriched assessments of land suitability for archaeological site types, and an improved understanding of resource distributions.

show abstract

USGS Spectral Library Version 7

Cited by 526 publications

References 4 publications

The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

The spectral and chemical measurement of pollutants on snow near South Pole, Antarctica

Spectral Properties of Coniferous Forests: A Review of In Situ and Laboratory Measurements

Reflecting on siliceous rocks in central Australia: Using advanced remote sensing to map ancient “tool‐stone” resources

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About