Uterine two‐dimensional and Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of feline pyometra

Blanco, Paula Graciela; Rube, A.; Merlo, M. Lopez; Batista, Pablo Rodrigo; Arioni, Sol; Knudsen, Ignacio López; Tortora, M; Gobello, Cristina

doi:10.1111/rda.13324

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Pyometra is a uterine disease that occurs in females of several species, including dogs (Blanco et al, 2018). This disease is one of the most prevalent in this species, affecting animals in the diestrus stage, of middle to old age, without racial preference, and that were exposed to hormonal changes associated with the estrous cycle throughout their reproductive life (Hagman, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine artery hemodynamics in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra

Carvalho

Martins

Guimarães

et al. 2021

RSD

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Although pyometra is a common disease, the mechanisms that determine cervical opening remain unknown. Knowing that the vascular structures are crucial in pathophysiology, it was observed need for hemodynamic studies assessing uterine artery of female dogs with pyometra and its relation to the neck opening. Thirty-five female dogs were selected and separate into three groups: control group (CG) (n = 12), open-cervix pyometra group (OCG) (n = 11) and closed-cervix pyometra group (CCG) (n = 12), with the objective of evaluating and comparing the hemodynamic changes of the uterine artery [peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI)] in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra and correlate them with measurements of uterine diameter (UD) and endometrial thickness (ET). The correlation analysis showed that, with the exception of PSV, the hemodynamics indices were associated with UD and ET, presenting a moderate and positive correlation between UD and EDV (r = 0.62; P<0.01), a moderate and negative correlation between UD and RI (r =-0.68; P<0.01) and also moderate and negative correlation between ET and RI (r = -0.62; P<0.01). These results suggest that alterations of uterine artery hemodynamics are similar in dog females with open- or closed-cervix pyometra, although the UD and the ET can influence in the uterine perfusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine artery hemodynamics in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra

Carvalho

Martins

Guimarães

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…Blood samples were obtained with the puncture of the vena cephalica antebrachii by using sterile 21 gauge cannula into the ethylendiaminetetra-acetic acide (EDTA) containing vacutainer tube 4 for each bitch. Hematological analysis was performed by using hematology analyzer 5 . Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM), monocyte (MONO) measurements were incorporated into the study.…”

Section: Blood Sampling and Hematological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diameters of uterine horns, thickness of the uterine wall and presence of luminal content can be evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography (USG) [27]. Doppler USG is commonly utilized to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the female genital tract [5,6]. Color Doppler USG is a non-invasive technique that provides the quantitative evaluation of endometrial vascularization in uterine diseases [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Hematological Parameters and Uterine Hemodynamic Indices in Bitches with Pyometra

Uçmak

Kurban

Uçmak

2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pyometra is defined as chronic purulent inflammation of the uterus that causes changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The disease is characterized with bacterial infection and pus accumulation in the uterus. Transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography provides easy and certain diagnosis of this disease. The hemodynamic changes in pyometra are evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of the study is to determine the changes in hematological parameters and Doppler indices in bitches with pyometra, diestrus healthy bitches and evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and hemodynamic indices within the both groups.Materials, Methods & Results: A total number of 27 bitches were enrolled in the study. The healthy diestrus bitches (group H; n = 7) aged 6.2 ± 1.14 years, weighted 14.57 ± 3.75 kg. The bitches with pyometra (group PYO; n = 20) aged 9.1 ± 0.62 years and weighted 17.65 ± 2.60 kg. Before all bitches had ovariohisterectomy, hematological analyses were performed. Transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a 6.6 MHz convex transducer. The widest cross-sectional uterine diameter (UD), wall thickness of uterine horns (UWT) and presence of luminal content were evaluated. Diameter of the uterine artery (DUA) was measured on a mapped color image using the USG software program. The examination was carried out with pulsed-wave Doppler USG to characterize the waveform of the uterine artery (UA). Anechogenic areas in uterine lumen, increase in UD and UWT were observed in group PYO. All cases in group PYO had luminal content in both uterine horns ranging from 1.2 to 5.6 cm. The DUAs were measured in group H and in group PYO as 1.75 ± 0.03 mm, 1.94 ± 0.08 mm; respectively (P < 0.05). The PI and RI values of group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). Hematological analysis results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT levels in group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). However, WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO levels in group PYO were higher than group H. Hemodynamic indices were positively correlated with RBC, HGB, HCT, whereas they were inversely correlated with NEU, WBC, UD and UWT. Also, PI value was negatively correlated with MONO.Discussion: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is a predisposing factor for development of the pyometra in bitches. Besides, naturally occurring CEH and pyometra can arise independently from each other. The enlarged uterine body exhibits the development of intense exudative processes due to the higher proliferative stimulation in uterine infections. Uterine infections were associated with increase in uterine blood flow. Elevated uterine blood flow, vasodilatation and angiogenesis arise during inflammatory response. The inflammatory process leads to a diminution in hemodynamic indices of uterine arteries. Total blood count parameters are affected from the presence of pyometra. Elevated levels of leukocytes in bitches with pyometra are associated with worsening prognosis. Erythrocyte diapedesis into the lumen of the uterus, toxic depression of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow can cause anemia. In conclusion, hematological parameters were strongly correlated with hemodynamic indices in this study. Reduced RBC, HGB and HCT levels, decreased PI and RI values and elevated levels of UD, UWT, DUA were observed in group PYO. To our knowledge, this was the first study that observed the increase in DUA during pyometra in bitches.

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“…In 2018, Doppler was also used to evaluate pyometra in cats. Queens with pyometra had higher RI when compared to queens at early pregnancy (Blanco et al, ).…”

Section: Dopplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging

Mantziaras¹,

Luvoni

2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Ultrasonography is the imaging technology of choice for the evaluation of the reproduction system and pregnancy in both humans and animals. Today, ultrasound equipments are smaller, cheaper, and much more efficient. These upgrades, along with image digitization, have pushed ultrasound into the point-of-care setting. The most recent advances of different ultrasound techniques and their potential use in reproduction imaging of small animals are described in this review. 2 | DOPPLER The Doppler effect describes a change in the wavelength of energy transmitted as sound waves as a result of motion of their source or their receiver. The most commonly used indices to describe the waveform of the spectral Doppler are resistance index (RI): RI = (S−D)/S, systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio: S/D and pulsatility index (PI): (S−D)/A

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Uterine two‐dimensional and Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of feline pyometra

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Uterine artery hemodynamics in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra

Uterine artery hemodynamics in female dogs with open- and closed-cervix pyometra

Assessment of Hematological Parameters and Uterine Hemodynamic Indices in Bitches with Pyometra

Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging

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