Vacuolar Nicotianamine Has Critical and Distinct Roles under Iron Deficiency and for Zinc Sequestration in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Haydon, Michael J.; Kawachi, Miki; Wirtz, Markus; Hillmer, Stefan; Hell, Rüdiger; Krämer, Ute

doi:10.1105/tpc.111.095042

Cited by 272 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the latter, NA is most important for the phloem mobility of Fe, Zn, and Cu (Klatte et al, 2009;Deinlein et al, 2012;Haydon et al, 2012;Schuler et al, 2012;Zheng et al, 2012). Furthermore, several phloem localized NA transporters have been identified (Koike et al, 2004;Chu et al, 2010;Zheng et al, 2012), some of which appeared to mediate source-to-sink translocation of Fe and other metals during plant senescence (DiDonato et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem-Specific Methionine Recycling Fuels Polyamine Biosynthesis in a Sulfur-Dependent Manner and Promotes Flower and Seed Development

et al. 2015

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The Yang or Met Cycle is a series of reactions catalyzing the recycling of the sulfur (S) compound 59-methylthioadenosine (MTA) to Met. MTA is produced as a by-product in ethylene, nicotianamine, and polyamine biosynthesis. Whether the Met Cycle preferentially fuels one of these pathways in a S-dependent manner remained unclear so far. We analyzed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with defects in the Met Cycle enzymes 5-METHYLTHIORIBOSE-1-PHOSPHATE-ISOMERASE1 (MTI1) and DEHYDRATASE-ENOLASE-PHOSPHATASE-COMPLEX1 (DEP1) under different S conditions and assayed the contribution of the Met Cycle to the regeneration of S for these pathways. Neither mti1 nor dep1 mutants could recycle MTA but showed S-dependent reproductive failure, which was accompanied by reduced levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in mutant inflorescences. Complementation experiments with external application of these three polyamines showed that only the triamine spermine could specifically rescue the S-dependent reproductive defects of the mutant plants. Furthermore, expressing gene-reporter fusions in Arabidopsis showed that MTI1 and DEP1 were mainly expressed in the vasculature of all plant parts. Phloem-specific reconstitution of Met Cycle activity in mti1 and dep1 mutant plants was sufficient to rescue their S-dependent mutant phenotypes. We conclude from these analyses that phloem-specific S recycling during periods of S starvation is essential for the biosynthesis of polyamines required for flowering and seed development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phloem-Specific Methionine Recycling Fuels Polyamine Biosynthesis in a Sulfur-Dependent Manner and Promotes Flower and Seed Development

et al. 2015

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“…It has been speculated that ZIF1 is involved in a mechanism of Zn sequestration. Specifically, AtZIF1 has been implicated in the transport of Zn complexes (mainly with NA) into the vacuole, as overexpression of ZIF1 leads to strongly enhanced vacuolar Zn accumulation (Haydon et al, 2012). The tonoplast-localized OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 seem to transport Zn into the vacuoles of plant cells (Zhang et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soil Chemistry and Plant Physiology in the Phytoremediation of Cu, Mn, and Zn

Pinto

Aguiar

Ferreira

2014

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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“…NA has been found in the phloem sap (Schmidke et al, 1999;Nishiyama et al, 2012), and it was also immunologically detected inside vacuoles at the root tip and in the root stele (Pich et al, 1997). Recent reports uncovered that inside the vacuole, NA functions in Zn chelation (Haydon et al, 2012) and that the complex Zn-NA occurs in the phloem sap (Nishiyama et al, 2012). Inside the phloem, which has neutral pH values, the stability of the Fe-NA complexes seems optimal, and it was proposed that inside the phloem sap NA might chelate Fe (von Wiren et al, 1999;Reichman and Parker, 2002;Weber et al, 2006;Rellán-Alvarez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NA is produced by NA synthase (NAS) (Shojima et al, 1989(Shojima et al, , 1990Herbik et al, 1999;Higuchi et al, 1999), and NAS genes have been recognized as valuable targets in the generation of micronutrient-enriched crops (Douchkov et al, 2005;Cassin et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Wirth et al, 2009;Zheng et al, 2010;Johnson et al, 2011). Indeed, alterations of NAS gene activities affect NA contents, resulting in phenotypical changes related to uptake and distribution of Fe (Scholz et al, 1992;Douchkov et al, 2001Douchkov et al, , 2005Takahashi et al, 2003;) as well as of Zn (Deinlein et al, 2012;Haydon et al, 2012). Altering NAS activities and NA levels are therefore among the most promising biotechnological biofortification approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotianamine Functions in the Phloem-Based Transport of Iron to Sink Organs, in Pollen Development and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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The metal chelator nicotianamine promotes the bioavailability of Fe and reduces cellular Fe toxicity. For breeding Fe-efficient crops, we need to explore the fundamental impact of nicotianamine on plant development and physiology. The quadruple nas4x-2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana cannot synthesize any nicotianamine, shows strong leaf chlorosis, and is sterile. To date, these phenotypes have not been fully explained. Here, we show that sink organs of this mutant were Fe deficient, while aged leaves were Fe sufficient. Upper organs were also Zn deficient. We demonstrate that transport of Fe to aged leaves relied on citrate, which partially complemented the loss of nicotianamine. In the absence of nicotianamine, Fe accumulated in the phloem. Our results show that rather than enabling the long-distance movement of Fe in the phloem (as is the case for Zn), nicotianamine facilitates the transport of Fe from the phloem to sink organs. We delimit nicotianamine function in plant reproductive biology and demonstrate that nicotianamine acts in pollen development in anthers and pollen tube passage in the carpels. Since Fe and Zn both enhance pollen germination, a lack of either metal may contribute to the reproductive defect. Our study sheds light on the physiological functions of nicotianamine.

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Vacuolar Nicotianamine Has Critical and Distinct Roles under Iron Deficiency and for Zinc Sequestration in Arabidopsis

Cited by 272 publications

References 61 publications

Phloem-Specific Methionine Recycling Fuels Polyamine Biosynthesis in a Sulfur-Dependent Manner and Promotes Flower and Seed Development

Phloem-Specific Methionine Recycling Fuels Polyamine Biosynthesis in a Sulfur-Dependent Manner and Promotes Flower and Seed Development

Influence of Soil Chemistry and Plant Physiology in the Phytoremediation of Cu, Mn, and Zn

Nicotianamine Functions in the Phloem-Based Transport of Iron to Sink Organs, in Pollen Development and Pollen Tube Growth in Arabidopsis

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