Variation of plantar pressure in Chinese diabetes mellitus

Abstract

To investigate dynamic changes in plantar pressure in Chinese diabetes mellitus patients and to provide a basis for further preventing diabetic foot. This is a cross-sectional investigation including 649 Chinese diabetes mellitus patients (diabetes group) and 808 "normal" Chinese persons (nondiabetes group) with normal blood glucose levels. All the subjects provided a complete medical history and underwent a physical examination and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All subjects walked barefoot with their usual gait, and their dynamic plantar forces were measured using the one-step method with a plantar pressure measurement instrument; 5 measurements were performed for each foot. No significant differences were found in age, height, body weight, or body mass index between the two groups. The fasting blood glucose levels, plantar contact time, maximum force, pressure-time integrals and force-time integrals in the diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the nondiabetes group (p < 0.05). However, the maximum pressure was significantly higher in the nondiabetes group than in the diabetes group (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the contact areas between the two groups (p > 0.05). The maximum plantar force distributions were essentially the same, with the highest force found for the medial heel, followed by the medial forefoot and the first toe. The peak plantar pressure was located at the medial forefoot for the nondiabetes group and at the hallucis for the diabetes group. In the diabetes group, the momentum in each plantar region was higher than that in the nondiabetes group; this difference was especially apparent in the heel, the lateral forefoot and the hallucis. The dynamic plantar pressures in diabetic patients differ from those in nondiabetic people with increased maximum force and pressure, a different distribution pattern and significantly increased momentum, which may lead to the formation of foot ulcers.

Estudio transversal sobre el dolor y funcionalidad del pie en pacientes diabéticos no neuropáticos y pacientes no diabéticos

“…De acuerdo con los resultados de Yang y cols. 2 , las presiones en el pie son mayores en el grupo DM que en el grupo control. Esto podría coincidir con el presente trabajo en que el componente funcional del MFPDI esté más afectado en el grupo con DM, ya que el peor reparto de presiones podría estar relacionado con una funcionalidad más pobre por parte del paciente.…”

“…En 2015, Yang y cols. 2 investigaron los cambios en las presiones plantares de los individuos con DM. En el estudio incluyeron 649 pacientes con DM y 808 participantes sin DM.…”

3D designed battery-free wireless origami pressure sensor

“…For example, plantar pressure measured from the heel, lateral mid-foot, and metatarsal can be used to understand the health of users' feet as well as other parts of their bodies 25 . By measuring and analyzing plantar pressure, we can make the advancement of early diagnosis of diseases including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Parkinson's disease by obtaining an auxiliary clinic indicator related to those diseases [26][27][28] . There are commercialized plantar detection platforms like the Zebris gait analysis system, which provides comprehensive plantar pressure distribution.…”

A Human Body Pressure Distribution Imaging System Based on Wavelet Analysis and Resistance Tomography

“…The peripheral blood circulation is bad in patients with diabetes mellitus, as it is easy to form diabetic foot. The analysis of plantar dynamic pressure distribution and its morphological characteristics can accurately diagnose diabetic foot [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. When a dentist diagnoses a patient’s occlusal state, it is necessary to measure the size and distribution of the occlusal force of the upper and lower teeth [ 5 , 6 ].…”