ObjectivesHypogonadism in men is related to the deterioration of general health. However, the association between lipid overaccumulation and ageing-related hypogonadism remains an undetermined concept. We aimed to provide an insight into the possible links between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and late-onset hypogonadism (LOH).SettingSun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.ParticipantsWe included a population sample of 997 subjects aged 40 years or older.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe LAP was calculated by gender-specific equations using waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG). LOH was defined by the presence of androgen deficiency symptoms and low serum total testosterone levels.ResultsThe prevalence of LOH was 9.4% in this population and gradually increased according to increasing LAP quartiles. Compared with subjects without LOH, ageing men with LOH had higher body mass index, WC, systolic blood pressure, percentage of subjects currently smoking, TG and follicle stimulating hormone and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted ORs of LOH for increasing LAP quartiles 1–4 were 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (95% CI 0.45–2.69), 2.15 (95% CI 0.93–4.94) and 3.83 (95% CI 1.73–8.45), respectively.ConclusionBody lipid accumulation evaluated by the LAP is independently associated with the prevalence of LOH in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.

To investigate dynamic changes in plantar pressure in Chinese diabetes mellitus patients and to provide a basis for further preventing diabetic foot. This is a cross-sectional investigation including 649 Chinese diabetes mellitus patients (diabetes group) and 808 "normal" Chinese persons (nondiabetes group) with normal blood glucose levels. All the subjects provided a complete medical history and underwent a physical examination and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All subjects walked barefoot with their usual gait, and their dynamic plantar forces were measured using the one-step method with a plantar pressure measurement instrument; 5 measurements were performed for each foot. No significant differences were found in age, height, body weight, or body mass index between the two groups. The fasting blood glucose levels, plantar contact time, maximum force, pressure-time integrals and force-time integrals in the diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the nondiabetes group (p < 0.05). However, the maximum pressure was significantly higher in the nondiabetes group than in the diabetes group (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the contact areas between the two groups (p > 0.05). The maximum plantar force distributions were essentially the same, with the highest force found for the medial heel, followed by the medial forefoot and the first toe. The peak plantar pressure was located at the medial forefoot for the nondiabetes group and at the hallucis for the diabetes group. In the diabetes group, the momentum in each plantar region was higher than that in the nondiabetes group; this difference was especially apparent in the heel, the lateral forefoot and the hallucis. The dynamic plantar pressures in diabetic patients differ from those in nondiabetic people with increased maximum force and pressure, a different distribution pattern and significantly increased momentum, which may lead to the formation of foot ulcers.

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Late-onset hypogonadism in men is related to the development of diabetes. The association of gonadal hormones, sex hormone binding globulin with diabetes has been studied in various studies. However, there is no cohort study on the relationship between gonadal hormone, sex hormone binding globulin and diabetes in Chinese.We aimed to provide an insight into the possible association in middle-aged and elderly Chinese males. Methods: We included a population sample of 673 subjects aged 40 years or older. Total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) were detected. The homeostasis model How to cite this article: Li N, Huang C, Lan B, et al. Association of gonadal hormones and sex hormone binding globulin with risk of diabetes: A cohort study in middle-aged and elderly