Variation of the cholesterol content in breast milk during 10 days collection at early stages of lactation.

Abstract

More and more research is done concerning nutritional programming. Human milk nutrients which are consumed by infants can influence their health in later life. High level of cholesterol in human milk paradoxically lowers the cholesterol concentration in blood in adults. During the course of human lactation the cholesterol concentration decreases from 31 mg/100cm(3) (colostrum) to 16 mg/100 cm(3) (mature milk). According to Scopesi et al., 2002, Clin Nutr 21: 379-384, cholesterol concentration in mature milk ranged from 6.5 to 18.4 mg/100 cm(3). The aim of the study was to assess the variations in breast milk cholesterol content during 10 day collection at early lactation. 48 samples of human milk were analyzed. Mean age of women was 31 years. Women were collecting samples during 10 days of an early lactation stage (1-3 months after delivery). An Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR-ATR) method for easy and rapid determination of cholesterol in human milk was elaborated. Cholesterol content assessed by the FTIR method ranged from 3.36 to 12.98 mg/100 cm(3). Results indicate that milk cholesterol concentration during 10 consecutive days of early lactation is highly variable. Cholesterol content depends on an individual. Therefore it is suggested that not only the period of lactation but also mother's diet, age, season and place of residence are important factors determining cholesterol content.

Quantification of total cholesterol in human milk by gas chromatography

“…Desmosterol levels also slightly decreased during lactation from 1.3 mg/100 g at 30 days to 0.9 mg/100 g at 120 days after delivery. From this study, it can be estimated that the mean intake of cholesterol in infants 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was about 79, 109, and 90 mg of total cholesterol per day in agreement with Jensen , if the infant is fed exclusively with human milk. This estimation is based on the assumption that mean volume of human milk consumed is 600, 700, and 800 mL/d, at 30, 60, and 120 d postpartum, respectively .…”

“…In most of these studies, cholesterol content has been determined using colorimetric methods . Other approaches include GC with and without prior TLC separation, HPLC coupled to diode array detector and total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy . We decided to use a method based on GC coupled to a flame ionization detector for the absolute quantification of cholesterol in human milk.…”

Response of the Cholesterol Metabolism to a Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows Depends on the Lactational Stage

“…Cholesterol was extracted from raw milk according to modified protocols of Paradkar and Irudayaraj [ 8 ] and Kamelska et al [ 9 ] and then measured with an enzymatic kit (no. 61219; bioMérieux SA, Geneva, Switzerland).…”

Latent Risk of Introduction of Artificial Milk Formulas Into Infants’ Diet: The Ways to Minimize Negative Influence

“…Хорошо известно, что в ГМ содержится холестерин, концентрация которого в ходе лактации снижается от 31 мг/100 мл в молозиве до 18,4 мг/100 мл в зрелом молоке. Варьирование концентрации холестерина в ГМ может быть обусловлено не только периодом лактации, но и диетой матери, ее возрастом, временем года и местом проживания [29]. В исследованиях детей, находящихся на ГВ, установлено, что они имеют более высокие концентрации общего холестерина в крови по сравнению с детьми на ИВ [30].…”

“…Показано, что высокий уровень холестерина в ГМ парадоксально снижает концентрацию холестерина в крови в будущем. На основании этого авторами был сделан вывод о том, что вскармливание ГМ влияет на метаболизм холестерина и может предотвращать возникновение гиперхолестеринемии в дальнейшей жизни [29][30][31]. Следует отметить, что различия в содержании холестерина были небольшими, а также не было достаточно данных для изучения зависимости данного эффекта от продолжительности ГВ [7].…”