Versatile Carbon Hybrid Films Composed of Vertical Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Mechanically Compliant Graphene Films

Lee, Jun Young; Kim, Ji Eun; Han, Tae Hee; Hwang, Jae Won; Jeon, Seokwoo; Choi, Sung‐Yool; Hong, Soon Hyung; Lee, Won Jong; Ruoff, Rodney S.; Kim, Sang Ouk

doi:10.1002/adma.200903063

Cited by 299 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In all previously reported experimental work [21][22][23][24] on similar three-dimensional graphene and CNT hybrid materials, the highquality, single-and few-walled CNT carpets were not grown, nor were they shown with demonstrated seamless junction. To introduce the direct contact between a graphitic substrate and the CNTs, there was typically no buffer layer, which results in low surface area, multi-walled CNT growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two different growth conditions hamper attempts to covalently combine the two materials during growth. As a result, attempts to grow graphene and CNT carpet hybrid material [21][22][23][24] have failed to match the predicted values on SSA, electrical connection or both. Several facts explain the mismatch between the experimental results and theoretical predictions: first, the quality of graphene is not well controlled.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A seamless three-dimensional carbon nanotube graphene hybrid material

et al. 2012

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Graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes are carbon materials that exhibit excellent electrical conductivities and large specific surface areas. Theoretical work suggested that a covalently bonded graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid material would extend those properties to three dimensions, and be useful in energy storage and nanoelectronic technologies. Here we disclose a method to bond graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes seamlessly during the growth stage. The hybrid material exhibits a surface area 42,000 m 2 g À 1 with ohmic contact from the vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes to the graphene. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we observed the covalent transformation of sp 2 carbon between the planar graphene and the single-walled carbon nanotubes at the atomic resolution level. These findings provide a new benchmark for understanding the three-dimensional graphene/ single-walled carbon nanotube-conjoined materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A seamless three-dimensional carbon nanotube graphene hybrid material

et al. 2012

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“…The formation of CNTs could be attributed to the catalysis of iron particles and the decrease of vacuum degree in quartz tube during the cooling process. The grapheneCNTs system has significant technological advantages due to the combination of individual properties of graphene and CNTs in various applications (Kalita et al 2008;Rodríguez-Manzo et al 2009;Lee et al 2010;Zhang et al 2011).…”

Section: Fe-sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

2017

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Graphene was manufactured from commercial kraft lignin, and its forming mechanism, structure, and properties were investigated. A single factor test was employed to determine the optimum conditions of the production of graphene nanosheets. Kraft lignin was mixed with iron powders as catalyst with different weight ratios. The mixed carbon source and catalyst were thermally treated at 1000 °C and incubated for a period of time in a tubular furnace. The thermally treated carbon materials were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The preferable conditions for production of graphene nanosheets from kraft lignin were determined. The graphene fold structure was obtained after thermally treating for 90 min when the ratio of carbon source to iron was 3:1. The results revealed that folded lamellar graphene structure increased with greater holding time. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were observed after thermal treatment for 105 min. These results indicate the formation of graphite crystal structure and multi-layered graphene from kraft lignin in the presence of iron catalyst.

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“…For the last half decade, among several chemical reductants 4,5 , hydrazine has been the most commonly used reductant due to its ease of use (for example, via a one-pot synthesis in either liquid or gas phase) and its ability to achieve a high degree of reduction of graphene oxide without the need for further treatment 3,[6][7][8] . Hydrazine-treated graphene oxide (chemically reduced graphene oxide, 'CReGO') 3 is one of the most promising graphene-based materials for several applications, such as polymer composites, ultracapacitors, rechargeable batteries, chemical/biosensors and thin films [9][10][11][12][13][14] . A large fraction of the oxygen-based functional groups of graphene oxide are removed by exposure to hydrazine; however, the resulting graphene materials contain a small amount of O and N atoms (with approximate C/O and C/N ratios of 10 and 22, respectively) 3,6 .…”

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Chemical structures of hydrazine-treated graphene oxide and generation of aromatic nitrogen doping

et al. 2012

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Chemically modified graphene platelets, produced via graphene oxide, show great promise in a variety of applications due to their electrical, thermal, barrier and mechanical properties. understanding the chemical structures of chemically modified graphene platelets will aid in the understanding of their physical properties and facilitate development of chemically modified graphene platelet chemistry. Here we use 13 C and 15 n solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the chemical structure of 15 nlabelled hydrazine-treated 13 C-labelled graphite oxide and unlabelled hydrazine-treated graphene oxide, respectively. These experiments suggest that hydrazine treatment of graphene oxide causes insertion of an aromatic n 2 moiety in a five-membered ring at the platelet edges and also restores graphitic networks on the basal planes. Furthermore, density-functional theory calculations support the formation of such n 2 structures at the edges and help to elucidate the influence of the aromatic n 2 moieties on the electronic structure of chemically modified graphene platelets.

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Versatile Carbon Hybrid Films Composed of Vertical Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Mechanically Compliant Graphene Films

Cited by 299 publications

References 36 publications

A seamless three-dimensional carbon nanotube graphene hybrid material

A seamless three-dimensional carbon nanotube graphene hybrid material

Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

Chemical structures of hydrazine-treated graphene oxide and generation of aromatic nitrogen doping

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